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Sympathetic nervous system and spaceflight

机译：交感神经系统和太空飞行

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Purpose: Orthostatic stability on Earth is maintained through sympathetic nerve activation sufficient to increase peripheral vascular resistance and defend against reductions of blood pressure. Orthostatic instability in astronauts upon return from space missions has been linked to blunted vascular resistance responses to standing, introducing the possibility that spaceflight alters normal function between sympathetic efferent traffic and vascular reactivity. Methods: We evaluated published results of spaceflight and relevant ground-based microgravity simulations in an effort to determine responses of the sympathetic nervous system and consequences for orthostatic stability. Results: Direct microneurographic recordings from humans in space revealed that sympathetic nerve activity is increased and preserved in the upright posture after return to Earth (STS-90). However, none of the astronauts studied during STS-90 presented with presyncope postflight, leaving unanswered the question of whether postflight orthostatic intolerance is associated with blunted sympathetic nerve responses or inadequate translation into vascular resistance. Conclusions: There is little evidence to support the concept that spaceflight induces fundamental sympathetic neuroplasticity. The available data seem to support the hypothesis that regardless of whether or not sympathetic traffic is altered during flight, astronauts return with reduced blood volumes and consequent heightened baseline sympathetic activity. Because of this, the ability to withstand an orthostatic challenge postflight is directly proportional to an astronaut's maximal sympathetic activation capacity and remaining sympathetic reserve.
机译：目的：通过交感神经的激活来维持地球上的立位稳定性，足以增加周围血管的抵抗力并防御血压的降低。宇航员从太空任务返回后的体位不稳定性与对站立状态的血管阻力反应迟钝有关，这带来了太空飞行改变交感传出流量和血管反应性之间正常功能的可能性。方法：为了评估交感神经系统的反应以及对立位稳定性的影响，我们评估了航天和相关的地面微重力模拟的公开结果。结果：人类在太空中直接进行的微神经记录显示，交感神经活动增加并保留在返回地球后保持直立姿势（STS-90）。然而，在STS-90期间研究的任何宇航员均未出现晕厥前的飞行后遗留问题，这使飞行后直立性不耐受是否与交感神经反应迟钝或转化为血管阻力不足有关。结论：几乎没有证据支持航天诱导基本交感神经可塑性的概念。现有数据似乎支持以下假设：无论在飞行过程中是否有同情交通发生变化，宇航员返回时的血液量都会减少，基线交感活动也随之增加。因此，飞行后承受直立性挑战的能力与宇航员的最大交感能力和剩余交感储备成正比。

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