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Robotic lunar exploration: Architectures, issues and options

机译：机器人登月探索：架构，问题和选择

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The US 'vision for space exploration' articulated at the beginning of 2004 encompasses a broad range of human and robotic space missions, including missions to the Moon, Mars and destinations beyond. It establishes clear goals and objectives, yet sets equally clear budgetary 'boundaries' by stating firm priorities, including 'tough choices' regarding current major NASA programs. The new vision establishes as policy the goals of pursuing commercial and international collaboration in realizing future space exploration missions. Also, the policy envisions that advances in human and robotic mission technologies will play a key role—both as enabling and as a major public benefit that will result from implementing that vision. In pursuing future international space exploration goals, the exploration of the Moon during the coming decades represents a particularly appealing objective. The Moon provides a unique venue for exploration and discovery—including the science of the Moon (e.g., geological studies), science from the Moon (e.g., astronomical observatories), and science on the Moon (including both basic research, such as biological laboratory science, and applied research and development, such as the use of the Moon as a test bed for later exploration). The Moon may also offer long-term opportunties for utilization—including Earth observing applications and commercial developments. During the coming decade, robotic lunar exploration missions will play a particularly important role, both in their own right and as precursors to later, more ambitious human and robotic exploration and development efforts. The following paper discusses some of the issues and opportunities that may arise in establishing plans for future robotic lunar exploration. Particular emphasis is placed on four specific elements of future robotic infrastructure: Earth-Moon in-space transportation systems; lunar orbiters; lunar descent and landing systems; and systems for long-range transport on the Moon.
机译：美国于2004年初提出的“太空探索构想”涵盖了广泛的人类和机器人太空任务，包括对月球，火星和其他目的地的任务。它确立了明确的目的和目标，但通过陈述公司的优先事项，包括对当前主要NASA计划的“艰难选择”，设定了同样清晰的预算“界限”。新构想确立了在实现未来太空探索任务时追求商业和国际合作的目标。此外，该政策还设想，人类和机器人任务技术的进步将发挥关键作用-既是实现愿景又将成为实现这一愿景的主要推动力和主要公共利益。在追求未来的国际太空探索目标时，未来几十年的月球探索是一个特别吸引人的目标。月球为探索和发现提供了独特的场所-包括月球科学（例如，地质研究），月球科学（例如，天文观测台）和月球科学（包括基础研究，例如生物实验室）科学和应用研究与开发，例如使用月球作为以后的探索试验床）。月球还可能提供长期的利用机会，包括对地观测应用和商业发展。在接下来的十年中，机器人登月探索任务将发挥特别重要的作用，无论是本身还是作为后来更雄心勃勃的人类和机器人探索与发展工作的先驱。以下文章讨论了在制定未来机器人月球探测计划时可能出现的一些问题和机遇。特别强调未来机器人基础设施的四个具体要素：月球太空运输系统；月球轨道器月球下降和着陆系统；以及在月球上进行远程运输的系统。

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