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The implementation of the cluster II constellation

机译：实施集群II星座

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This paper highlights the challenging aspects of the Cluster II mission from both the operations and flight dynamics point of view. The first new aspect of the mission was the double dual launch using two Russian Soyuz rockets, especially upgraded with a Fregat upper stage, and each carrying a pair of spacecraft. This choice led to some important consequences: a launch scenario with highly elliptical and inclined separation orbits, operational support of two launches in 4 weeks; and setting up new interfaces with the launch authority and the Russian Lavotchkin industrial complex. The Launch and Early Orbit Phase was one the most demanding phases of the mission, where intense operations were executed under high time pressure. Each spacecraft was then manoeuvred separately through various intermediate orbits, and finally the four spacecraft were brought together. The paper discusses the manoeuvre strategy required to place the two pairs in the operational orbit and to achieve the initial constellation. It describes the operational constraints and problems that had to be examined in the definition of the mission sequence of events, and the major operations and flight dynamics activities.
机译：本文从运行和飞行动力学的角度突出了第二类任务的挑战性方面。任务的第一个新方面是使用两枚俄罗斯联盟号火箭进行双重双重发射，特别是升级后的Fregat上级火箭，每架运载一对航天器。这种选择导致了一些重要的后果：具有高度椭圆形和倾斜的分离轨道的发射场景，在4周内两次发射的运行支持；并与发射机构和俄罗斯Lavotchkin工业园区建立新接口。发射和早期轨道阶段是任务最苛刻的阶段之一，在高压力下执行密集行动。然后，每个航天器分别经过不同的中间轨道进行操纵，最后将这四个航天器放在一起。本文讨论了将两对天线放置在运行轨道上并获得初始星座所需的机动策略。它描述了在定义任务事件顺序以及主要操作和飞行动力学活动时必须检查的操作限制和问题。

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