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首页> 外文期刊>Acta astronautica >Heat to electricity conversion systems for moon exploration scenarios: A review of space and ground technologies
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Heat to electricity conversion systems for moon exploration scenarios: A review of space and ground technologies

机译：用于月球探测场景的热电转换系统：太空和地面技术的回顾

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摘要

Sustained automatic and human exploration of the Solar System is the main and most challenging objective for mankind's next steps in space. Organic strategies based on increasing international cooperation foresee human crewed outposts on the Moon and on Mars by 2030 [1-4]. This challenging goal requires a significant effort in identifying key enabling technologies in different sectors, such as: propulsion, structures, in-situ resource utilization, logistics, and energy. Considering the latter field, energy supply, the conversion of heat into electricity has considerable heritage for space applications. In fact, such systems have been utilized since the 1950s to be directly employed in space mission scenarios. On the other hand, since the 1990s and 2000s a renewed interest in energy efficient systems (e.g. waste heat recovery, solar thermal systems, and advanced thermal cycles) is being pursued for ground applications. The work presented herein aims at reviewing all the Heat to Electricity Conversion systems developed for space applications, as well as analyzing recent developments for ground applications. Conversion systems performances are evaluated and compared considering power output, specific power, hot and cold side temperature, efficiency, technology readiness level, reliability, system complexity, and cost.In the last part of the present work, a matching between conversion systems and identified power requirements for different mission scenarios on the Moon is performed.
机译：持续自动和人工探索太阳系是人类在太空中迈出下一步的主要挑战。基于加强国际合作的有机战略可以预见，到2030年，人类在月球和火星上的前哨基地[1-4]。要实现这一具有挑战性的目标，需要付出巨大的努力来确定不同部门的关键支持技术，例如：推进，结构，现场资源利用，物流和能源。考虑到后一个领域，即能源供应，将热量转化为电能对于航天应用具有相当大的传统。实际上，自1950年代以来就已经使用了这种系统，直接用于太空任务场景。另一方面，自1990年代和2000年代以来，对于地面应用，人们一直对节能系统（例如废热回收，太阳能热系统和先进的热循环）产生了新的兴趣。本文介绍的工作旨在回顾为空间应用开发的所有热电转换系统，并分析地面应用的最新发展。考虑到功率输出，比功率，冷热侧温度，效率，技术就绪水平，可靠性，系统复杂性和成本，评估并比较了转换系统的性能。在本工作的最后一部分，确定了转换系统之间的匹配并确定了执行月球上不同任务场景的功率要求。

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