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Non-Geo systems—where have all the satellites gone?

机译：非地球系统-所有卫星都去了哪里？

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摘要

Non-GEO satellites were being hailed as the means that would bring connectivity to the masses. Anyone, it was said, would be able to buy a portable telephone that would allow them, no matter where they might be, to call or be called by anyone else in the world. In the early 1990s, there were predictions that, by now, literally many hundreds of new non-geostationary communications satellites would be in orbit. Furthermore, people all over the world would also be able to buy an inexpensive satellite terminal that would allow them to access the Internet with a broadband connection, at prices on par with or even for below what the terrestrial competition would be able to offer. Many companies were set up to compete to establish this "Nirvana of Communications." To do so, however, the companies in question would have to attract sufficient financial backing from investors to actually begin such an undertaking. Surprisingly, at least in retrospect, a tremendous amount of investment capital was forthcoming, and a number of contracts were awarded to manufacturers to develop the requisite satellite systems. Today, almost a decade later, satellite manufacturers and their suppliers have been subjected to a massive belt-tightening exercise as contracts were cancelled and expected future orders were not forthcoming. The launch vehicle industry, which had geared up to meet the bonanza of expected launch orders, is also going hungry. Where are all the proposed systems? This paper will attempt to answer this question, as well as to provide some insight into why the systems that are no longer with us fell by the wayside. Finally, it will look into the future and try to predict what the long-term prospects might be for non-GEO communication satellites in general.
机译：非地球静止轨道卫星被誉为将与大众联系的手段。据说，任何人都可以买到一部便携式电话，无论身在何处，他们都可以与世界上其他任何人通话。在1990年代初期，有预测说，到现在，实际上将有数百枚新的非对地静止通信卫星进入轨道。此外，世界各地的人们也将能够购买便宜的卫星终端，从而使他们能够通过宽带连接访问互联网，其价格与陆地竞争者所能提供的价格相当甚至更低。成立了许多公司来竞争建立“通信的必杀技”。为此，有关公司必须从投资者那里获得足够的资金支持，才能真正开始这项工作。令人惊讶的是，至少在事后回顾中，即将出现大量的投资资金，并且与制造商签订了许多合同来开发必要的卫星系统。如今，差不多十年后的今天，由于取消了合同并且预期不会再接订单，卫星制造商及其供应商已经进行了大规模的紧缩措施。为满足预期的发射订单的准备而进行的运载火箭行业也正挨饿。所有提议的系统都在哪里？本文将尝试回答这个问题，并提供一些见解，以解释为何不再与我们同在的系统会被淘汰。最后，它将展望未来，并尝试预测非GEO通信卫星的总体长期前景。

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  • 来源
    《Acta astronautica》 |2004年第9期|p.649-657|共9页
  • 作者

    Edward W. Ashford;

  • 作者单位

    Ashford Aerospace Consulting, 9112 White Eagle Court, Raleigh, NC 27617, USA;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 航天（宇宙航行）;
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