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首页> 外文期刊>Acta astronautica >Advanced ceramic matrix composite materials for current and future propulsion technology applications
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Advanced ceramic matrix composite materials for current and future propulsion technology applications

机译：适用于当前和未来推进技术应用的先进陶瓷基复合材料

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Current rocket engines, due to their method of construction, the materials used and the extreme loads to which they are subjected, feature a limited number of load cycles. Various technology programmes in Europe are concerned, besides developing reliable and rugged, low cost, throwaway equipment, with preparing for future reusable propulsion technologies. One of the key roles for realizing reusable engine components is the use of modern and innovative materials. One of the key technologies which concern various engine manufacturers worldwide is the development of fibre-reinforced ceramics—ceramic matrix composites. The advantages for the developers are obvious—the low specific weight, the high specific strength over a large temperature range, and their great damage tolerance compared to monolithic ceramics make this material class extremely interesting as a construction material. Over the past years, the Astrium company (formerly DASA) has, together with various partners, worked intensively on developing components for hypersonic engines and liquid rocket propulsion systems. In the year 2000, various hot-firing tests with subscale (scale 1:5) and full-scale nozzle extensions were conducted. In this year, a further decisive milestone was achieved in the sector of small thrusters, and long-term tests served to demonstrate the extraordinary stability of the C/SiC material. Besides developing and testing radiation-cooled nozzle components and small-thruster combustion chambers, Astrium worked on the preliminary development of actively cooled structures for future reusable propulsion systems. In order to get one step nearer to this objective, the development of a new fibre composite was commenced within the framework of a regionally sponsored programme. The objective here is to create multidirectional (3D) textile structures combined with a cost-effective infiltration process. Besides material and process development, the project also encompasses the development of special metal/ceramic and ceramic/ceramic joining techniques as well as studying and verifying non destructive investigation processes for the purpose of testing components.
机译：当前的火箭发动机，由于其构造方法，所使用的材料和承受的极端载荷而具有有限数量的载荷循环。除了开发可靠，坚固，低成本，一次性设备，以及为未来可重复使用的推进技术做准备之外，欧洲还涉及各种技术计划。实现可重复使用的发动机部件的关键作用之一是使用现代和创新材料。全世界各种发动机制造商所关注的一项关键技术是纤维增强陶瓷（陶瓷基复合材料）的开发。对于开发人员来说，优势是显而易见的-与整体式陶瓷相比，其低的比重，在较大的温度范围内的高的比强度以及巨大的抗损伤性使该材料类别作为建筑材料非常受关注。在过去的几年中，Astrium公司（以前的DASA）与各种合作伙伴一起，致力于开发用于超音速发动机和液体火箭推进系统的组件。在2000年，进行了各种以子比例尺（比例尺1：5）和全尺寸喷嘴扩展进行的热燃烧试验。在今年，小型推进器领域又取得了决定性的里程碑，长期测试证明了C / SiC材料的非凡稳定性。除了开发和测试辐射冷却喷嘴组件和小推力燃烧室之外，Astrium还致力于为未来可重复使用的推进系统开发主动冷却结构的初步开发。为了更进一步地实现这一目标，在区域赞助计划的框架内开始了新纤维复合材料的开发。此处的目标是创建具有成本效益的渗透过程的多向（3D）纺织品结构。除了材料和工艺开发之外，该项目还包括开发特殊的金属/陶瓷和陶瓷/陶瓷连接技术，以及研究和验证用于测试组件的非破坏性研究过程。

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