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Research on the hydrolysis of human urine using biological activated carbon and its application in bioregenerative life support system

机译:使用生物活性炭水解人尿液的研究及其在生物生物寿命支持系统中的应用

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摘要

The water and nitrogen recovery from human urine are the crucial issues for the water recycling in the bioregenerative life support system (BLSS). Most of the water in the urine could be recovered through physical/ chemical methods, however the efficiency of recovering nitrogen remained unsatisfactory. In our previous work, immobilized urease catalysis followed by reduced pressure distillation has been utilized to purify the urine, and high recovery efficiency of both water and nitrogen has been gained. However, the source of the urease and the immobilization preparation method would limit its practical application. In this study, biological activated carbon (BAC) immobilizing urease-producing microorganisms was explored as the continuous provider of urease to hydrolyze urea existing in human urine. The batch experiment results illustrated that it is feasible to use BAC technology to hydrolyze urea in urine and the highest urea hydrolysis efficiency of 79.33% was gained in synthetic urine with the powder activated carbon dosage (PACD) of 100 g/L and the hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 5 d. Image results of scanning electron microscope and confocal laser scanning microscope presented that BAC succcessfully immobilized living bacteria, and 16S rRNA high throughput sequencing illustrated that the main urease-producing bacteria were genera of Bacillus, Sporosarcina, Pseudomonas and Paracoccus, and genera of Pseudomonas and Paracoccus possessed heterotrophic nitrification ability as well. A pilot-scale membrane biological reactor inoculated with urea-hydrolyzing BAC cultivated in batch experiment was applied to treat the crew's urine continuously inside an experimental facility for BLSS, and the urea hydrolysis efficiency could maintain at 99.84% during 203 d operation.
机译:人类尿液中的水和氮恢复是生物加工寿命支持系统(BLSS)中的水循环的关键问题。尿液中的大部分水可以通过物理/化学方法回收,但回收氮的效率保持不满意。在我们之前的工作中,已经利用固定的脲酶催化,然后已经利用减压蒸馏来净化尿液,并且已经获得了水和氮的高回收效率。然而,释放脲和固定制备方法的来源将限制其实际应用。在该研究中,将生物活性炭(BAC)固定为脲酶生产的微生物被探索为脲酶的连续提供者,以水解尿素在人尿中存在的尿素。批量实验结果表明,使用BAC技术将尿液中的水解尿素进行水解尿素,尿素水解效率为79.33%,粉末活性炭剂量(PACD)为100克/ L和液压保留时间(hrt)5 d。扫描电子显微镜和共聚焦激光扫描显微镜的图像结果表明,BAC肉体固定的生物细菌和16S rRNA高通量测序表明,主要的脲酶产生的细菌是芽孢杆菌,孢子瘤,假单胞菌和帕拉卡卡斯,以及Pseudomonas和Paracccus的属具有异养硝化能力。施用分批实验中培养的尿素水解BAC的试验型膜生物反应器,在BLS的实验设施内连续地将船员的尿液视为在203 D操作期间在99.84%的尿素中保持在99.84%。

著录项

  • 来源
    《Acta astronautica》 |2019年第2期|191-199|共9页
  • 作者单位

    Beihang Univ Inst Environm Biol & Life Support Technol Sch Biol Sci & Med Engn Beijing 100083 Peoples R China|Beihang Univ Int Joint Res Ctr Aerosp Biotechnol & Med Engn Beijing 100083 Peoples R China;

    Beihang Univ Inst Environm Biol & Life Support Technol Sch Biol Sci & Med Engn Beijing 100083 Peoples R China|Beihang Univ Int Joint Res Ctr Aerosp Biotechnol & Med Engn Beijing 100083 Peoples R China;

    Beihang Univ Inst Environm Biol & Life Support Technol Sch Biol Sci & Med Engn Beijing 100083 Peoples R China|Beihang Univ Int Joint Res Ctr Aerosp Biotechnol & Med Engn Beijing 100083 Peoples R China;

    Beihang Univ Inst Environm Biol & Life Support Technol Sch Biol Sci & Med Engn Beijing 100083 Peoples R China|Beihang Univ Int Joint Res Ctr Aerosp Biotechnol & Med Engn Beijing 100083 Peoples R China;

    Beihang Univ Inst Environm Biol & Life Support Technol Sch Biol Sci & Med Engn Beijing 100083 Peoples R China|Beihang Univ Int Joint Res Ctr Aerosp Biotechnol & Med Engn Beijing 100083 Peoples R China;

    Beihang Univ Inst Environm Biol & Life Support Technol Sch Biol Sci & Med Engn Beijing 100083 Peoples R China|Beihang Univ Int Joint Res Ctr Aerosp Biotechnol & Med Engn Beijing 100083 Peoples R China;

    China Acad Space Technol Beijing Engn Res Ctr Space Biol & Technol Shenzhou Space Biotechnol Grp Beijing 100190 Peoples R China;

    Beihang Univ Inst Environm Biol & Life Support Technol Sch Biol Sci & Med Engn Beijing 100083 Peoples R China|Beihang Univ Beijing Adv Innovat Ctr Biomed Engn Beijing 102402 Peoples R China|Beihang Univ Int Joint Res Ctr Aerosp Biotechnol & Med Engn Beijing 100083 Peoples R China;

    Beihang Univ Inst Environm Biol & Life Support Technol Sch Biol Sci & Med Engn Beijing 100083 Peoples R China|Beihang Univ Beijing Adv Innovat Ctr Biomed Engn Beijing 102402 Peoples R China|Beihang Univ Int Joint Res Ctr Aerosp Biotechnol & Med Engn Beijing 100083 Peoples R China;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

    Biological activated carbon; Urea; Urease; Ammonium; Bioregenerative life support system;

    机译:生物活性炭;尿素;脲酶;铵;生物生物寿命支持系统;

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