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首页> 外文期刊>The Astrophysical journal >A TOLMAN SURFACE BRIGHTNESS TEST FOR UNIVERSAL EXPANSION AND THE EVOLUTION C ELLIPTICAL GALAXIES IN DISTANT CLUSTERS
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A TOLMAN SURFACE BRIGHTNESS TEST FOR UNIVERSAL EXPANSION AND THE EVOLUTION C ELLIPTICAL GALAXIES IN DISTANT CLUSTERS

机译：广泛扩展的Tolman表面亮度测试和远距离集群中的演化星系C

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摘要

We use the intercept of the elliptical galaxy radius-surface brightness (SB) relation at a fixed metric radius as the standard condition for the Tolman SB test of the universal expansion. We use surface photometry in the optical and near-infrared of elliptical galaxies in Abell 2390 (z = 0.23) and Abell 851 (z = 0.41) and compare them to the Coma Cluster at z ≈ 0. The photometric data for each cluster are well described by the Kormendy relation r_e ∝ Σ_e~A where A = -0.9 in the optical and A = -1.0 in the near-infrared. The scatter about this near-infrared relation is only 0.076 in log r_e at the highest redshift, which is much smaller than at low redshifts, suggesting a remarkable homogeneity of the cluster elliptical population at z = 0.41. We use the intercept of these fixed-slope correlations at R_e = 1 kpc (assuming H_0 = 75 km s~(-1) Mpc~(-1),Ω_0 = 0.2, and Λ_0 = 0, where the results are only weakly dependent on the cosmology) to construct the Tolman SB test for these three clusters. The data are fully consistent with universal expansion if we assume simple models of passive evolution for elliptical galaxies but are inconsistent with a nonexpanding geometry (the tired-light cosmology) at the 5 σ confidence level at z = 0.41. These results suggest luminosity evolution in the rest-frame K band of 0.36 ± 0.14 mag from z = 0.41 to the present and are consistent with the elliptical galaxies' having formed at high redshift. The SB intercept in elliptical galaxy correlations is thus a powerful tool for investigating models of their evolution for significant look-back times.
机译：我们使用固定公制半径的椭圆星系半径与表面亮度（SB）关系的截距作为通用扩展的Tolman SB测试的标准条件。我们在Abell 2390（z = 0.23）和Abell 851（z = 0.41）的椭圆星系的光学和近红外中使用表面光度法，并将它们与z≈0的昏迷星团进行比较。每个星团的光度数据都很好用Kormendy关系r_e ∝Σ_e〜A描述，其中光学上的A = -0.9，近红外下的A = -1.0。关于该近红外关系的散度在最高红移下的对数r_e仅为0.076，远小于在低红移下的对数r_e，这表明在z = 0.41时簇椭圆形种群具有显着的同质性。我们在R_e = 1 kpc时使用这些固定斜率相关性的截距（假设H_0 = 75 km s〜（-1）Mpc〜（-1），Ω_0= 0.2和Λ_0= 0，其中结果仅是弱相关的）在宇宙学上）来为这三个星团构建托尔曼SB测试。如果我们假设椭圆星系的被动演化的简单模型，则数据与通用扩展完全一致，但与z = 0.41的5σ置信度下的非扩展几何（疲倦的宇宙论）不一致。这些结果表明，从z = 0.41到现在，静止帧K波段的光度演化为0.36±0.14 mag，并且与以高红移形成的椭圆星系一致。因此，椭圆星系相关性中的SB截距是研究其演化模型的重要时间的强大工具。

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