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THE SOURCES OF GAMMA-RAY BURSTS AND THEIR CONNECTIONS WITH QSOs AND ACTIVE GALAXIES

机译:伽马射线爆发的来源及其与QSO和活动星系的联系

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It is shown that the redshifts z_0 of γ-ray burst (GRB) sources, where they have been measured, together with the redshifts for seven quasars (QSOs) that lie very close to the positions of the unidentified sources GRB 990625, 000210, 001105 (two QSOs), 940720, 991217, and 990506, show a remarkable tendency to cluster about several of the periodic redshift peaks previously established for QSOs at z = 0.061, 0.30, 0.60, 0.96, 1.41, 1.96, 2.63, 3.44, and 4.45. In 1971, Karlsson showed that these peaks lie in a series with Δlog(1 + z) = 0.089. Out of a total of 32 currently known redshifts of GRBs, afterglows, or QSOs very close to burst positions, two are very close to 0.30, three are close to 0.60, nine are equal to or very close to 0.96, three are very close to 1.41, six are close to 1.96, two are close to 3.44, and one is very close to 4.45. Statistical tests by W. Napier show that the observed redshifts z_0 showed periodicity at the 98% confidence level. In addition, very close to the positions of two bursts GRB 990625 and GRB 001105, many QSOs with redshifts close to the peak values have been found. Since z_0 = [(1+ z_c)(1 + z_D)(1 + z_i) - 1], where z_c, z_D, and z_i are the cosmological, Doppler, and intrinsic components of the observed redshift z_0, the existence of these peaks suggests that z_0 approx= z_i, so that both z_c and z_D are very much less than z_0. However, while the observed values of z_0 are very close to the corresponding values of z_i, in most cases z_0 > z_i, suggesting that in most cases z_c is greater than it was found to be in earlier samples of X-ray QSOs that appear to be ejected from bright galaxies. It appears likely, therefore, that the GRB sources, like the QSOs, are ejected from active galaxies, most of which have comparatively small cosmological redshifts 0.02 ≤ z_c ≤ 0.1, thus suggesting that the distances of most of the GRB sources are ≤500 Mpc. A possible example of an active galaxy that has given rise to such phenomena is UGC 12348 (z_i = 0.03). This galaxy has two GRB sources and three QSOs with measured red-shifts z_0 that lie very close to intrinsic redshift peaks all lying within 1° of it. Among these five objects, the QSO at z = 3.7 lies inside the error box for the unidentified burst GRB 991217.
机译:结果表明,已测量了γ射线猝发(GRB)源的红移z_0,以及非常接近未识别源GRB 990625、000210、001105的七个类星体(QSO)的红移(两个QSO)940720、991217和990506,在z = 0.061、0.30、0.60、0.96、1.41、1.96、2.63、3.44和4.45处,表现出明显的趋势,这些趋势倾向于围绕先前为QSO建立的几个周期性红移峰聚类。 。 1971年,卡尔森(Karlsson)显示这些峰值位于Δlog(1 + z)= 0.089的序列中。在总计32个GRB,余辉或QSO的红移中,它们非常接近突发位置,其中两个非常接近0.30,三个接近0.60,九个等于或非常接近0.96,三个非常接近1.41,六个接近1.96,两个接近3.44,一个非常接近4.45。 W. Napier的统计测试表明,观察到的红移z_0在98%的置信度上显示出周期性。另外,非常靠近两个突发GRB 990625和GRB 001105的位置,发现了许多红移接近峰值的QSO。由于z_0 = [(1+ z_c)(1 + z_D)(1 + z_i)-1],其中z_c,z_D和z_i是观测到的红移z_0的宇宙学,多普勒和本征分量,因此存在这些峰值建议z_0近似= z_i,因此z_c和z_D都远小于z_0。但是,尽管z_0的观测值非常接近z_i的对应值,但在大多数情况下z_0> z_i,这表明在大多数情况下z_c大于在早期X射线QSO样本中发现的z_c从明亮的星系中弹出。因此,很可能GRB源(如QSO)是从活跃星系中弹出的,其中大多数星系具有相对较小的宇宙红移0.02≤z_c≤0.1,因此表明大多数GRB源的距离为≤500 Mpc 。引起这种现象的活跃星系的一个可能例子是UGC 12348(z_i = 0.03)。这个星系有两个GRB源和三个QSO,它们的测得的红移z_0非常接近固有的红移峰值,所有的红移峰值都在其1°以内。在这五个对象中,z = 3.7的QSO位于未标识的突发GRB 991217的错误框中。

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