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THE HOT GAS HALOS OF GALAXIES IN GROUPS

机译:群星系中的热气晕

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We use Chandra observations of 13 nearby groups of galaxies to investigate the hot gas content of their member galaxies. We find that a large fraction of near-IR-bright, early-type galaxies in groups have extended X-ray emission, indicating that they retain significant hot gas halos even in these dense environments. In particular, we detect hot gas halos in ~80% of L_K > L_* galaxies. We do not find a significant difference in the L_K-L_X relation for detected group and cluster early-type galaxies. However, we detect X-ray emission from a significantly higher fraction of galaxies brighter than L_* in groups compared to clusters, indicating that a larger fraction of galaxies in clusters experience significant stripping of their hot gas. In addition, group and cluster galaxies appear to be X-ray-faint compared to field galaxies, although a Chandra-based field sample is needed to confirm this result. The near-IR-bright late-type galaxies in clusters and groups appear to follow the L_K-L_X relation for early-type galaxies, while near-IR-fainter late-type galaxies are significantly more X-ray luminous than this relation likely due to star formation. Finally, we find individual examples of ongoing gas stripping of group galaxies. One galaxy shows a 40-50 kpc X-ray tail, and two merging galaxy systems show tidal bridges/tails of X-ray emission. Therefore, stripping of hot galactic gas through both ram pressure and tidal forces does occur in groups and clusters, but the frequency or efficiency of such events must be moderate enough to allow hot gas halos in a large fraction of bright galaxies to survive even in group and cluster cores.
机译:我们使用Chandra对附近13个星系组的观测来调查其成员星系中的热气体含量。我们发现,成群的大部分近红外明亮,早期类型的星系具有扩展的X射线发射,这表明即使在这些密集的环境中,它们仍保留了显着的热气晕。特别是,我们在L_K> L_ *星系的约80%中检测到热气晕。对于检测到的群星团和星团早期星系,我们在L_K-L_X关系中没有发现显着差异。但是,与星团相比,我们从组中检测到比L_ *更亮的星系中显着更高比例的星系发出X射线,这表明,星团中有更大比例的星系经历了热气的显着剥离。另外,尽管需要基于钱德拉的实地样本来确认这一结果,但与实地星系相比,群星团和星团星系似乎是X射线微弱的。在星团和群中,近红外明亮的晚型星系似乎遵循L_K-L_X关系,而早类型的星系,而近红外衰落的晚型星系的X射线发光比该关系要大得多。形成恒星。最后,我们找到了正在进行的星系组气体剥离的个别例子。一个星系显示40-50 kpc的X射线尾巴,两个合并的星系显示X射线辐射的潮汐桥/尾巴。因此,确实在群体和星团中通过冲压压力和潮汐力剥夺了热的银河气体,但是这种事件的发生频率或效率必须足够适度,以使大部分明亮的星系中的热气晕即使在群体中也能生存。和集群核心。

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