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首页> 外文期刊>The Astrophysical journal >THE LIFETIMES OF NITRILES (CN) AND ACIDS (COOH) DURING ULTRAVIOLET PHOTOLYSIS AND THEIR SURVIVAL IN SPACE
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THE LIFETIMES OF NITRILES (CN) AND ACIDS (COOH) DURING ULTRAVIOLET PHOTOLYSIS AND THEIR SURVIVAL IN SPACE

机译：紫外光解过程中腈（CN）和酸（COOH）的寿命及其在空间中的存活

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摘要

Nitriles are one of the most common classes of molecules observed in the gas phase in space, with over a dozen having been positively identified in interstellar and circumstellar environments through the detection of their rotational transitions. Acids, in contrast, are much less common. In this paper we present laboratory data comparing the stability of two structurally related acid-nitrile pairs to ultraviolet (UV) photolytic destruction: acetic acid (CH_3COOH) versus acetonitrile (CH_3CN) and glycine (H_2NCH_2COOH) versus aminoacetonitrile (H2NCH2CN). We find that the nitriles are destroyed 10 and 5 times more slowly (respectively) by UV photolysis than are the corresponding acids. This suggests that whatever their relative formation rates, acids may be less abundant than nitriles in interstellar environments in part because they are more rapidly destroyed by photolysis. The results of this infrared (IR) spectral matrix isolation study indicate that during the lifetime of a typical interstellar cloud, even in its darkest regions, a population of acids in the gas phase will likely be diminished by at least half. Since aminoacetonitrile is a precursor to the amino acid glycine, and far more stable, presolar aminoacetonitrile may be a contributor to the deuterium-enriched glycine detected in meteorites. It would clearly be informative to search for aminoacetonitrile (the nitrile corresponding to glycine) in the regions where the amino acid glycine has been reported.
机译：腈是在太空中气相中观察到的最常见的分子类别之一，通过检测其旋转转变，在星际和星际环境中已明确鉴定出十几种分子。相比之下，酸则不那么常见。在本文中，我们提供了实验室数据，比较了两个结构相关的酸-腈对紫外线（UV）光解破坏的稳定性：乙酸（CH_3COOH）与乙腈（CH_3CN）和甘氨酸（H_2NCH_2COOH）与氨基乙腈（H2NCH2CN）。我们发现，腈被紫外线光解的速度分别比相应的酸慢10到5倍。这表明，无论它们的相对形成速率如何，在星际环境中酸都可能不如腈类丰富，部分原因是它们被光解作用更快速地破坏。这项红外（IR）光谱矩阵隔离研究的结果表明，在典型星际云的生命周期中，即使在其最暗的区域，气相中的酸总量也可能会减少至少一半。由于氨基乙腈是氨基酸甘氨酸的前体，并且更加稳定，因此太阳前氨基乙腈可能是陨石中检测到的富含氘的甘氨酸的成分。在已报告氨基酸甘氨酸的区域中搜索氨基乙腈（与甘氨酸相对应的腈）显然将是有益的。

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