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首页> 外文期刊>Atmosphere-ocean >Changes in Canada's Climate: Trends in Indices Based on Daily Temperature and Precipitation Data
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Changes in Canada's Climate: Trends in Indices Based on Daily Temperature and Precipitation Data

机译：加拿大气候的变化：基于每日温度和降水数据的指数趋势

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摘要

Trends in indices based on daily temperature and precipitation are examined for two periods: 1948-2016 for all stations in Canada and 1900-2016 for stations in the south of Canada. These indices, a number of which reflect extreme events, are considered to be impact relevant. The results show changes consistent with warming, with larger trends associated with cold temperatures. The number of summer days (when daily maximum temperature 25 degrees C) has increased at most locations south of 65 degrees N, and the number of hot days (daily maximum temperature 30 degrees C) and hot nights (daily minimum temperature 22 degrees C) have increased at a few stations in the most southerly regions. Very warm temperatures in both summer and winter (represented by the 95th percentile of their daily maximum and minimum temperatures, respectively) have increased across the country, with stronger trends in winter. Warming is more pronounced for cold temperatures. The frost-free season has become longer with fewer frost days, consecutive frost days, and ice days. Very cold temperatures in both winter and summer (represented by the 5th percentile of their daily maximum and minimum temperatures, respectively) have increased substantially across the country, again with stronger trends in the winter. Changes in other temperature indices are consistent with warming. The growing season is now longer, and the number of growing degree-days has increased. The number of heating degree-days has decreased across the country, while the number of cooling degree-days has increased at many stations south of 55 degrees N. The frequency of annual and spring freeze-thaw days shows an increase in the interior provinces and a decrease in the remainder of the country. Changes in precipitation indices are less spatially coherent. An increase in the number of days with rainfall and heavy rainfall is found at several locations in the south. A decrease in the number of days with snowfall and heavy snowfall is observed in the western provinces, while an increase is found in the north. There is no evidence of significant changes in the annual highest 1-day rainfall and 1-day snowfall. The maximum number of consecutive dry days has decreased, mainly in the south.
机译：在两个时段内检查了基于每日温度和降水的指数趋势：加拿大所有气象站的1948-2016年和加拿大南部气象站的1900-2016年。这些指数反映了极端事件，其中许多反映了极端事件。结果表明，变化与变暖相一致，而与寒冷相关的趋势则更大。在北纬65度以南的大多数位置，夏季的天数（每天的最高温度> 25摄氏度）已经增加，炎热的天数（每天的最高温度> 30摄氏度）和炎热的夜晚（每天的最低温度> 22）增加°C）在最南端的几个站点有所增加。夏季和冬季的温暖温度（分别由其每日最高和最低温度的95％表示）在全国范围内均呈上升趋势，冬季趋势更为明显。低温会使温度升高更加明显。随着无霜天数，连续无霜天数和冰天数的减少，无霜季节变得更长。冬季和夏季的极冷温度（分别由其每日最高和最低温度的5个百分位数表示）在全国范围内均已大幅上升，冬季的趋势再次增强。其他温度指数的变化与变暖相一致。现在生长季节更长，并且生长天数增加了。在全国范围内，加热天数减少，而在北纬55度以南的许多站点，冷却天数增加。每年的内陆省份和春季冻融天数增加。该国其他地区的数量有所减少。降水指数的变化在空间上不那么连贯。在南部的几个地方，降雨和强降雨的天数增加。西部省份出现降雪和大降雪的天数减少，而北部省发现增加。没有证据表明年度最高的1天降雨量和1天降雪有显着变化。连续干旱天数的最大值已减少，主要在南部。

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