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Observation of heat wave effects on the urban air quality and PBL in New York City area

机译：热浪对纽约地区​​城市空气质量和PBL的影响的观察

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摘要

Heat waves are of serious health concern in highly populated urban areas due to combined heat stress and poor air quality impacts. In this study, we present an observation-based study of the heat-wave impacts on the planetary-boundary-layer (PBL) and air quality in summer 2017 in New York City (NYC). Synergy of remote sensing, in-situ observations with model forecast is applied to quantify and characterize the diurnal variation of PBL height (PBLH), ozone (O-3) and PM2.3 during the heat wave period of June 11-13, 2017. The ground O-3 concentration attains a maximum of 110 ppb largely exceeding the U.S. National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) while the organic carbon (OC) and sulfate aerosols show a coincident increase. The higher O(3 )in the downwind suburb than those in the urban area are likely associated with the urban pollution transport and local meteorological condition. We observe a dramatic and consistent PBLH growth from 0.5- to 2.5-km at 11:00-13:00 local time from the turbulence-based and aerosol-based PBLH estimate by co-located ceilometer, wind lidar, and aerosol lidar measurement. Regional and high residual layers of aerosols at night are observed from the NASA space-borne Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) and Cloud and Aerosol Transport System (CATS) lidars. Furthermore, we evaluate the NOAA National Air Quality Forecasting Capability (NAQFC) products of PBLH, temperature, O-3, PM2.5 and NOx (NO2+NO) with the observations. Under the strong convective PBL condition, all the products above show good agreement between the NAQFC predictions and observations. However, in the early morning and night, the model shows dramatic discrepancies with an underestimate of temperature, PBLH and O-3 but an overestimate of PM2.5 and NOx. Such bias may be associated with the improper representations of vertical mixing, complex chemical processes and emissions in the model.
机译：由于热应力加重和空气质量影响不佳，热浪在人口稠密的城市地区引起严重的健康问题。在这项研究中，我们针对纽约市（NYC）在2017年夏季的热波对行星边界层（PBL）和空气质量的影响进行了基于观察的研究。利用遥感，原位观测与模型预报的协同作用来量化和表征2017年6月11日至13日热浪期间的PBL高度（PBLH），臭氧（O-3）和PM2.3的日变化地面O-3的最高浓度达到110 ppb，大大超过了美国国家环境空气质量标准（NAAQS），而有机碳（OC）和硫酸盐气溶胶显示出同时增加的趋势。顺风郊区的O（3）高于市区的O（3）可能与城市污染的转移和当地的气象条件有关。我们通过共置云高仪，风激光雷达和气溶胶激光雷达测量，从基于湍流和基于气溶胶的PBLH估计，在当地时间11：00-13：00观察到PBLH从0.5-2.5 km急剧且一致地增长。从具有正交极化（CALIOP）的NASA星载云-气溶胶激光雷达和云与气溶胶传输系统（CATS）激光雷达观察到了夜间的区域和高残留量的气溶胶。此外，我们通过观察评估了NOAA国家空气质量预报能力（NAQFC）产品的PBLH，温度，O-3，PM2.5和NOx（NO2 + NO）。在强对流PBL条件下，以上所有产品在NAQFC预测和观测值之间显示出良好的一致性。但是，在清晨和夜晚，该模型显示出明显的差异，其中温度，PBLH和O-3的估算值偏低，而PM2.5和NOx的估算值则偏高。这种偏差可能与模型中垂直混合，复杂的化学过程和排放的不正确表示有关。

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