Abst'/> Field evaluation of vegetation and noise barriers for mitigation of near- freeway air pollution under variable wind conditions
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Field evaluation of vegetation and noise barriers for mitigation of near- freeway air pollution under variable wind conditions

机译：可变风况下植被和噪声屏障的现场评估，以缓解近高速公路的空气污染

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AbstractTraffic-related air pollutants are a significant public health concern, particularly near freeways. Previous studies have suggested either soundwall or vegetation barriers might reduce the near-freeway air pollution. This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of a combination of both soundwall and vegetation barrier for reducing ultrafine particles (UFPs, diameter ≤ 100 nm) and PM2.5(diameter ≤ 2.5 μm) concentrations. Concurrent data collection was carried out at both upwind and downwind fixed locations approximately 10–15 m away from the edge of two major freeways in California. This study observed that the reduction of UFP and PM2.5was generally greater with the combination barrier than with either soundwall or vegetation alone. Since there were no non-barrier sites at the study locations, the reductions reported here are all in relative terms. The soundwall barrier was more effective for reducing PM2.5(25–53%) than UFPs (0–5%), and was most effective (51–53% for PM2.5) when the wind speed ranged between 1 and 2 m/s. Under the same range of wind speed, the vegetation barrier had little effect (0–5%) on reducing PM2.5; but was effective at reducing UFP (up to 50%). For both types of roadside barrier, decreasing wind speed resulted in greater net reduction of UFPs (i.e., total number particle concentrations; inversely proportional). This trend was observed, however, only within specific particle size ranges (i.e., diameter < 20 nm for the soundwall barrier and 12–60 nm for the vegetation barrier). Out of these size ranges, the reduction of UFP concentration was proportional to increasing wind speed. Overall findings of this study support positive effects of soundwall and vegetation barriers for near-freeway air pollution mitigation.Highlights•This study assess the effectiveness of soundwall and vegetation barrier for reducing near freeway air pollution.•The reduction was generally greater with the combination barrier than with either soundwall or vegetation alone.•The effectiveness of reduction also depends on barrier type, particle size, and wind speed.
机译： 摘要 与交通有关的空气污染物是一个重大的公共健康问题，尤其是在高速公路附近。先前的研究表明，无论是隔音墙还是植被屏障都可以减少高速公路附近的空气污染。这项研究旨在研究声墙和植被屏障的组合对减少超细颗粒（UFPs，直径≤100nm）和PM 2.5 （直径≤ 2.5μm）浓度在距加利福尼亚两条主要高速公路的边缘约10-15m的上风和下风固定位置同时进行数据收集。这项研究发现，组合障碍物对UFP和PM 2.5 的减少通常大于单独的声墙或植被。由于研究地点没有无障碍地点，因此这里报告的减少量全部是相对的。声墙屏障对于降低PM 2.5 （25–53％）比UFP（0–5％）更有效，并且最有效（51–53％对于PM 2.5 ），则风速在1至2 m / s之间。在相同风速范围内，植被屏障对降低PM 2.5 的影响很小（0–5％）；但有效降低了UFP（最多50％）。对于这两种类型的路障，降低风速都会导致UFP的净减少量更大（即颗粒总数，成反比）。但是，仅在特定的粒径范围内（即，对于声墙屏障而言直径小于20 nm，对于植被屏障而言直径为12-60 nm）仅观察到了这种趋势。在这些大小范围之外，UFP浓度的降低与风速的增加成正比。这项研究的总体结果支持声墙和植被屏障对减轻高速公路空气污染的积极影响。 突出显示 • 此研究评估了隔音墙和植被屏障对减少高速公路附近空气污染的有效性。 • 与组合式壁垒相比，组合壁垒的减少幅度通常大于音墙或壁垒。 • 减排的效果还取决于屏障的类型，粒径和风速。

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