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Sources of variance in BC mass measurements from a small marine engine: Influence of the instruments, fuels and loads

机译：小型船用发动机BC质量测量的方差源：仪器，燃料和负载的影响

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摘要

Knowledge of black carbon (BC) emission factors from ships is important from human health and environmental perspectives. A study of instruments measuring BC and fuels typically used in marine operation was carried out on a small marine engine. Six analytical methods measured the BC emissions in the exhaust of the marine engine operated at two load points (25% and 75%) while binning one of three fuels: a distillate marine (DMA), a low sulfur, residual marine (RMB-30) and a high-sulfur residual marine (RMG-380). The average emission factors with all instruments increased from 0.08 to 1.88 gBC/kg fuel in going from 25 to 75% load. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) tested BC emissions against instrument, load, and combined fuel properties and showed that both engine load and fuels had a statistically significant impact on BC emission factors. While BC emissions were impacted by the fuels used, none of the fuel properties investigated (sulfur content, viscosity, carbon residue and CCAI) was a primary driver for BC emissions. Of the two residual fuels, RMB-30 with the lower sulfur content, lower viscosity and lower residual carbon, had the highest BC emission factors. BC emission factors determined with the different instruments showed a good correlation with the PAS values with correlation coefficients R2 0.95. A key finding of this research is the relative BC measured values were mostly independent of load and fuel, except for some instruments in certain fuel and load combinations.
机译：从人类健康和环境角度出发，了解船舶的黑碳（BC）排放因子非常重要。在小型船用发动机上进行了测量通常用于船舶操作的BC和燃料的仪器的研究。六种分析方法测量了在两个负载点（分别为25％和75％）下运行的船用发动机排气中的BC排放，同时对三种燃料之一进行了分类：馏分船用（DMA），低硫，残余船用（RMB-30 ）和高硫残留船舶（RMG-380）。所有负载的平均排放系数从0.08 gBC / kg燃料增加到1.88 gBC / kg燃料，负载从25％增加到75％。方差分析（ANOVA）测试了针对仪表，负载和组合燃料特性的BC排放，并显示发动机负载和燃料对BC排放因子具有统计学上的显着影响。尽管不列颠哥伦比亚省的排放量受到所用燃料的影响，但所调查的燃料特性（硫含量，粘度，碳残留物和CCAI）均不是导致不列颠哥伦比亚省排放量的主要驱动力。在两种残留燃料中，硫含量较低，粘度较低和残留碳较低的RMB-30的BC排放因子最高。用不同仪器测定的BC排放因子与PAS值具有良好的相关性，相关系数R2> 0.95。这项研究的主要发现是，相对BC测量值大多独立于负荷和燃料，除了某些以特定燃料和负荷组合的仪器。

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  • 来源
    《Atmospheric environment》 |2018年第6期|128-137|共10页
  • 作者

    Jiang Yu; Yang Jiacheng; Gagne Stephanie; Chan Tak W.; Thomson Kevin; Fofie Emmanuel; Cary Robert A.; Rutherford Dan; Comer Bryan; Swanson Jacob; Lin Yue; Van Rooy Paul; Asa-Awuku Akua; Jung Heejung; Barsanti Kelley; Karavalakis Georgios; Cocker David; Durbin Thomas D.; Miller J. Wayne; Johnson Kent C.;

  • 作者单位

    Univ Calif Riverside, Coll Engn, Ctr Environm Res & Technol CE CERT, Riverside, CA 92521 USA;

    Univ Calif Riverside, Coll Engn, Ctr Environm Res & Technol CE CERT, Riverside, CA 92521 USA;

    Natl Res Council Canada, Measurement Sci & Stand, 1200 Montreal Rd, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada;

    Environm & Climate Change Canada, Emiss Res & Measurement Sect, Air Qual Res Div, Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3, Canada;

    Natl Res Council Canada, Measurement Sci & Stand, 1200 Montreal Rd, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada;

    Univ Calif Riverside, Coll Engn, Ctr Environm Res & Technol CE CERT, Riverside, CA 92521 USA;

    Sun Set Labs, 10180 SW Nimbus Ave,Suite J-5, Tigard, OR 97223 USA;

    Int Council Clean Transportat, 1225 1 St NW,Suite 900, Washington, DC 20005 USA;

    Int Council Clean Transportat, 1225 1 St NW,Suite 900, Washington, DC 20005 USA;

    Minnesota State Univ, Mankato Coll Sci Engn & Technol, Mankato, MN 56001 USA;

    Univ Calif Riverside, Coll Engn, Ctr Environm Res & Technol CE CERT, Riverside, CA 92521 USA;

    Univ Calif Riverside, Coll Engn, Ctr Environm Res & Technol CE CERT, Riverside, CA 92521 USA;

    Univ Calif Riverside, Coll Engn, Ctr Environm Res & Technol CE CERT, Riverside, CA 92521 USA;

    Univ Calif Riverside, Coll Engn, Ctr Environm Res & Technol CE CERT, Riverside, CA 92521 USA;

    Univ Calif Riverside, Coll Engn, Ctr Environm Res & Technol CE CERT, Riverside, CA 92521 USA;

    Univ Calif Riverside, Coll Engn, Ctr Environm Res & Technol CE CERT, Riverside, CA 92521 USA;

    Univ Calif Riverside, Coll Engn, Ctr Environm Res & Technol CE CERT, Riverside, CA 92521 USA;

    Univ Calif Riverside, Coll Engn, Ctr Environm Res & Technol CE CERT, Riverside, CA 92521 USA;

    Univ Calif Riverside, Coll Engn, Ctr Environm Res & Technol CE CERT, Riverside, CA 92521 USA;

    Univ Calif Riverside, Coll Engn, Ctr Environm Res & Technol CE CERT, Riverside, CA 92521 USA;

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  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

    Black carbon; Measurement methods; Marine fuels; Loads;

    机译：黑炭;测量方法;海洋燃料;负荷;

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