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Atmospheric nitrogen deposition to China: A model analysis on nitrogen budget and critical load exceedance

机译：中国大气氮沉降：氮预算和临界负荷超标的模型分析

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摘要

We present a national-scale model analysis on the sources and processes of inorganic nitrogen deposition over China using the GEOS-Chem model at 1/2 degrees x 1/3 degrees horizontal resolution. Model results for 2008-2012 are evaluated with an ensemble of surface measurements of wet deposition flux and gaseous ammonia (NH3) concentration, and satellite measurements of tropospheric NO2 columns. Annual total inorganic nitrogen deposition fluxes are simulated to be generally less than 10 kg N ha(-1)a(-1) in western China (less than 2 kg N ha(-1) a(-1)over Tibet), 15-50 kg N ha(-1) a(-1) in eastern China, and 16.4 kg N ha(-1) a(-1) averaged over China. Annual total deposition to China is 16A Tg N, with 10.2 Tg N (62%) from reduced nitrogen (NHx) and 6.2 Tg N from oxidized nitrogen (NOy). Domestic anthropogenic sources contribute 86% of the total deposition; foreign anthropogenic sources 7% and natural sources 7%. Annually 23% of domestically emitted NH3 and 36% for NOx are exported outside the terrestrial land of China. We find that atmospheric nitrogen deposition is about half of the nitrogen input from fertilizer application (29.6 Tg N a(-1)), and is much higher than that from natural biological fixation (73 Tg N a(-1)) over China. A comparison of nitrogen deposition with critical load estimates for eutrophication indicates that about 15% of the land over China experiences critical load exceedances, demonstrating the necessity of nitrogen emission controls to avoid potential negative ecological effects. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
机译：我们采用水平分辨率为1/2度x 1/3度的GEOS-Chem模型，对全国无机氮沉积的来源和过程进行了国家级模型分析。对2008-2012年的模型结果进行了评估，方法是对湿沉降通量和气态氨（NH3）浓度进行表面测量，并对流层NO2柱进行卫星测量。在中国西部，模拟的年总无机氮沉积通量通常小于10 kg N ha（-1）a（-1）（西藏地区小于2 kg N ha（-1）a（-1）），15中国东部为-50 kg N ha（-1）a（-1），全国平均水平为16.4 kg N ha（-1）a（-1）。中国每年的总沉积量为16A Tg N，其中还原氮（NHx）为10.2 Tg N（62％），氧化氮（NOy）为6.2 TgN。国内人为来源占总沉积的86％；国外人为来源为7％，自然来源为7％。每年，有23％的国内排放的NH3和36％的NOx排放到中国陆地之外。我们发现，大气中的氮沉降约为肥料施用的氮输入量的一半（29.6 Tg N a（-1）），远高于全国自然生物固氮处理的氮输入量（73 Tg N a（-1））。将氮沉降与富营养化的关键负荷估算值进行比较，结果表明，全国约有15％的土地经历了临界负荷超标，这表明有必要控制氮排放以避免潜在的负面生态影响。 （C）2017 Elsevier Ltd.保留所有权利。

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  • 来源
    《Atmospheric environment》 |2017年第3期|32-40|共9页
  • 作者

    Zhao Yuanhong; Zhang Lin; Chen Youfan; Liu Xuejun; Xu Wen; Pan Yuepeng; Duan Lei;

  • 作者单位

    Peking Univ, Sch Phys, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Lab Climate & Ocean Atmosphere Sci, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China;

    Peking Univ, Sch Phys, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Lab Climate & Ocean Atmosphere Sci, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China;

    Peking Univ, Sch Phys, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Lab Climate & Ocean Atmosphere Sci, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China;

    China Agr Univ, Coll Resources & Environm Sci, Beijing 100193, Peoples R China;

    Chinese Acad Sci, Res Ctr Eco Environm Sci, State Key Lab Urban & Reg Ecol, Beijing 100085, Peoples R China;

    Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, State Key Lab Atmospher Boundary Layer Phys & Atm, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China;

    Tsinghua Univ, Sch Environm, State Key Joint Lab Environm Simulat & Pollut Con, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China;

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  • 正文语种 eng
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  • 关键词

    Nitrogen deposition; Nitrogen budget; Critical load; Ammonia; Nitrogen oxides;

    机译：氮沉降氮收支临界负荷氨氮氧化物;

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