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A small, lightweight multipollutant sensor system for ground-mobile and aerial emission sampling from open area sources

机译：小型轻巧的多污染物传感器系统，用于从开放区域源进行地面移动和空中排放采样

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摘要

Characterizing highly dynamic, transient, and vertically lofted emissions from open area sources poses unique measurement challenges. This study developed and applied a multipollutant sensor and time integrated sampler system for use on mobile applications such as vehicles, tethered balloons (aerostats) and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) to determine emission factors. The system is particularly applicable to open area sources, such as forest fires, due to its light weight (3.5 kg), compact size (6.75 L), and internal power supply. The sensor system, termed "Kolibri", consists of sensors measuring CO2 and CO, and samplers for particulate matter (PM) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The Kolibri is controlled by a microcontroller which can record and transfer data in real time through a radio module. Selection of the sensors was based on laboratory testing for accuracy, response delay and recovery, cross sensitivity, and precision. The Kolibri was compared against rack-mounted continuous emissions monitoring system (CEMs) and another mobile sampling instrument (the "Flyer") that has been used in over ten open area pollutant sampling events. Our results showed that the time series of CO, CO2, and PM2.5 concentrations measured by the Kolibri agreed well with those from the CEMs and the Flyer, with a laboratory-tested percentage error of 4.9%, 3%, and 5.8%, respectively. The VOC emission factors obtained using the Kolibri were consistent with existing literature values that relate concentration to modified combustion efficiency. The potential effect of rotor downwash on particle sampling was investigated in an indoor laboratory and the preliminary results suggested that its influence is minimal. Field application of the Kolibri sampling open detonation plumes indicated that the CO and CO2 sensors responded dynamically and their concentrations co-varied with emission transients. The Kolibri system can be applied to various challenging open area scenarios such as fires, lagoons, flares, and landfills. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
机译：表征来自开放区域源的高动态，瞬态和垂直放样的排放构成了独特的测量挑战。这项研究开发并应用了一种多污染物传感器和时间集成采样器系统，用于车辆，系留气球（浮空器）和无人机（UAV）等移动应用，以确定排放因子。该系统重量轻（3.5 kg），体积小巧（6.75 L）和内部电源，因此特别适用于诸如森林大火等开阔地源。该传感器系统称为“ Kolibri”，由测量CO2和CO的传感器以及用于颗粒物（PM）和挥发性有机化合物（VOC）的采样器组成。 Kolibri由微控制器控制，该微控制器可以通过无线电模块实时记录和传输数据。传感器的选择基于准确性，响应延迟和恢复，交叉灵敏度和精度的实验室测试。将Kolibri与安装在机架上的连续排放监测系统（CEM）和另一台移动采样仪器（“ Flyer”）进行了比较，该仪器已用于十多个露天区域的污染物采样活动中。我们的结果表明，由Kolibri测量的CO，CO2和PM2.5浓度的时间序列与CEM和Flyer的时间序列非常吻合，实验室测试的百分比误差为4.9％，3％和5.8％，分别。使用Kolibri获得的VOC排放因子与现有文献值一致，该文献值将浓度与改进的燃烧效率相关。在室内实验室研究了转子向下冲洗对颗粒采样的潜在影响，初步结果表明其影响极小。 Kolibri采样开放爆轰羽流的现场应用表明，CO和CO2传感器动态响应，并且其浓度与排放瞬变共变。 Kolibri系统可以应用于各种挑战性的空旷地区，例如火灾，泻湖，火炬和垃圾填埋场。由Elsevier Ltd.发布

著录项

  • 来源
    《Atmospheric environment》 |2017年第4期|31-41|共11页
  • 作者

    Zhou Xiaochi; Aurell Johanna; Mitchell William; Tabor Dennis; Gullett Brian;

  • 作者单位

    Duke Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 121 Hudson Hall, Durham, NC 27708 USA|Cornell Univ, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, 220 Hollister Dr, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA;

    Univ Dayton Res Inst, 300 Coll Pk, Dayton, OH 45469 USA;

    US EPA, Off Res & Dev, 109 TW Alexander Dr, Durham, NC 27709 USA;

    US EPA, Off Res & Dev, 109 TW Alexander Dr, Durham, NC 27709 USA;

    US EPA, Off Res & Dev, 109 TW Alexander Dr, Durham, NC 27709 USA;

  • 收录信息
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

    Sensor system; Emission sampling; Air quality; VOC; PM2.5;

    机译：传感器系统;排放采样;空气质量;VOC;PM2.5;

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