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首页> 外文期刊>Atmospheric environment >Application of Weather Research and Forecasting Model with Chemistry (WRF/Chem) over northern China: Sensitivity study, comparative evaluation, and policy implications
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Application of Weather Research and Forecasting Model with Chemistry (WRF/Chem) over northern China: Sensitivity study, comparative evaluation, and policy implications

机译：化学研究与气象预报模型在中国北方的应用：敏感性研究，比较评价及政策意义

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摘要

An extremely severe and persistent haze event occurred over the middle and eastern China in January 2013, with the record-breaking high concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM2.5). In this study, an online-coupled meteorology-air quality model, the Weather Research and Forecasting Model with Chemistry (WRF/Chem), is applied to simulate this pollution episode over East Asia and northern China at 36- and 12-km grid resolutions. A number of simulations are conducted to examine the sensitivities of the model predictions to various physical schemes. The results show that all simulations give similar predictions for temperature, wind speed, wind direction, and humidity, but large variations exist in the prediction for precipitation. The concentrations of PM2.5, particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter of 10 mu m or less (PM10),sulfur dioxide (SO2), and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) are overpredicted partially due to the lack of wet scavenging by the chemistry-aerosol option with the 1999 version of the Statewide Air Pollution Research Center (SAPRC-99) mechanism with the Model for Simulating Aerosol Interactions and Chemistry (MOSAIC) and the Volatility Basis Set (VBS) for secondary organic aerosol formation. The optimal set of configurations with the best performance is the simulation with the Gorddard shortwave and RRTM longwave radiation schemes, the Purdue Lin microphysics scheme, the Kain-Fritsch cumulus scheme, and a nudging coefficient of 1 x 10(-5) for water vapor mixing ratio. The emission sensitivity simulations show that the PM2.5 concentrations are most sensitive to nitrogen oxide (NO) and SO2 emissions in northern China, but to NO and ammonia (NH3) emissions in southern China. 30% NOx emission reductions may result in an increase in PM2.5 concentrations in northern China because of the NH3-rich and volatile organic compound (VOC) limited conditions over this area. VOC emission reductions will lead to a decrease in PM2.5 concentrations in eastern China. However, 30% reductions in the emissions of SO2, NOx, NH3, and VOC, individually or collectively, are insufficient to effectively mitigate the severe pollution over northern China. More aggressive emission controls, which needs to be identified in further studies, are needed in this area to reach the objective of 25% PM2.5 concentration reduction in 2017 proposed in the Action Plan for Air Pollution Prevention and Control by the State Council in 2013. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
机译：2013年1月，中部和东部发生了极其严重且持续的霾事件，高浓度的细颗粒物（PM2.5）破纪录。在这项研究中，采用在线耦合的气象-空气质量模型，即化学天气研究和预报模型（WRF / Chem），以36和12 km的网格分辨率模拟了东亚和中国北方的污染事件。进行了许多模拟，以检查模型预测对各种物理方案的敏感性。结果表明，所有模拟都对温度，风速，风向和湿度给出了相似的预测，但对降水的预测存在较大差异。 PM2.5，空气动力学直径小于或等于10微米的颗粒物（PM10），二氧化硫（SO2）和二氧化氮（NO2）的浓度被高估了，部分原因是化学-气溶胶选项没有进行湿式清除1999年版的州级空气污染研究中心（SAPRC-99）机制，模拟气溶胶相互作用和化学模型（MOSAIC）和用于二次有机气溶胶形成的挥发性基础集（VBS）。具有最佳性能的最佳配置集是使用Gorddard短波和RRTM长波辐射方案，Purdue Lin微物理学方案，Kain-Fritsch积云方案以及对水蒸气的微调系数1 x 10（-5）进行的模拟。混合比例。排放敏感性模拟表明，PM2.5浓度对中国北方的氮氧化物和SO2排放最敏感，而对中国南部的NO和氨气（NH3）排放最敏感。由于该地区富含NH3和挥发性有机化合物（VOC）的条件有限，NOx排放量减少30％可能导致中国北方地区PM2.5浓度增加。 VOC排放量的减少将导致中国东部PM2.5浓度降低。但是，单独或集体减少30％的SO2，NOx，NH3和VOC排放量不足以有效缓解中国北方的严重污染。为了实现2013年国务院《空气污染防治行动计划》提出的2017年将PM2.5浓度降低25％的目标，需要在这一领域采取更加积极的排放控制措施，有待进一步研究。 （C）2014 Elsevier Ltd.保留所有权利。

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  • 来源
    《Atmospheric environment》 |2016年第janaptab期|337-350|共14页
  • 作者

    Wang Litao; Zhang Yang; Wang Kai; Zheng Bo; Zhang Qiang; Wei Wei;

  • 作者单位

    Hebei Univ Engn, Dept Environm Engn, Handan 056038, Hebei, Peoples R China|N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA;

    N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA|Tsinghua Univ, State Key Joint Lab Environm Simulat & Pollut Con, Sch Environm, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China;

    N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA;

    Tsinghua Univ, Ctr Earth Syst Sci, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China;

    Tsinghua Univ, Ctr Earth Syst Sci, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China;

    Beijing Univ Technol, Dept Environm Sci, Beijing 100124, Peoples R China;

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  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
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  • 关键词

    WRF/Chem; PM2.5; Regional haze; Northern China; Comparative evaluation; Sensitivity study;

    机译：WRF / Chem;PM2.5;区域霾;中国北方;比较评价;敏感性研究;

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