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Evaluating stomatal ozone fluxes in WRF-Chern: Comparing ozone uptake in Mediterranean ecosystems

机译：评价WRF-Chern中的气孔臭氧通量：比较地中海生态系统中的臭氧吸收

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The development of modelling tools for estimating stomatal uptake of surface ozone in vegetation is important for the assessment of potential damage induced due to both current and future near surface ozone concentrations. In this study, we investigate the skill in estimating ozone uptake in plants by the Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with chemistry (WRF-Chem) V3.6.1, with the Wesely dry deposition scheme. To validate the stomatal uptake of ozone, the model simulations were compared with field measurements of three types of Mediterranean vegetation, over seven different periods representing various meteorological conditions. Some systematic biases in modelled ozone fluxes are revealed; the lack of an explicit and time varying dependency on plants' water availability results in overestimated daytime ozone stomatal fluxes particularly in dry periods. The optimal temperature in the temperature response function is likely too low for the woody species tested here. Also, too low nighttime stomatal conductance leads to underestimation of ozone uptake during night. We demonstrate that modelled stomatal ozone flux is improved by accounting for vapor pressure deficit in the ambient air. Based on the results of the overall comparison to measured fluxes, we propose that additional improvements to the stomatal conductance parameterization should be implemented before applying the modelling system for estimating ozone doses and potential damage to vegetation. (C) 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license.
机译：开发用于估计植被中气孔对地表臭氧吸收的建模工具对于评估由于当前和将来的近地表臭氧浓度而引起的潜在损害非常重要。在这项研究中，我们将通过天气研究和预测模型结合化学（WRF-Chem）V3.6.1和Wesely干沉降方案，研究估计植物中臭氧吸收的技能。为了验证臭氧的气孔吸收，将模型模拟与代表三种气象条件的七个不同时期的三种地中海植被的实地测量进行了比较。揭示了模拟臭氧通量的一些系统偏差；缺乏对植物水分利用率的明确和时变的依赖会导致白天臭氧气孔通量被高估，尤其是在干旱时期。对于此处测试的木质物种，温度响应函数中的最佳温度可能太低。另外，夜间气孔导度过低会导致夜间臭氧吸收的低估。我们证明，通过考虑环境空气中的蒸气压不足，可以改善建模的气孔臭氧通量。基于与测量通量的总体比较结果，我们建议在应用建模系统估算臭氧剂量和对植被的潜在损害之前，应对气孔电导率参数化进行其他改进。 （C）2016作者。由Elsevier Ltd.发行。这是CC BY-NC-ND许可下的开放获取文章。

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