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Empirical estimates of size-resolved precipitation scavenging coefficients for ultrafine particles

机译:对超细颗粒的尺寸分辨降水清除系数的经验估计

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Below-cloud scavenging coefficients for ultrafine particles (UFP) exhibit comparatively large uncertainties in part because of the limited availability of observational data sets from which robust parameterizations can be derived or that can be used to evaluate output from numerical models. Long time series of measured near-surface UFP size distributions and precipitation intensity from the Midwestern USA are used here to explore uncertainties in scavenging coefficients and test both the generalizability of a previous empirical parameterization developed using similar data from a boreal forest in Finland (Laakso et al., 2003) and whether a more parsimonious formulation can be developed. Scavenging coefficients (lambda) over an ensemble of 95 rain events (with a median intensity of 1.56 mm h(-1)) and 104 particle diameter (D-p) classes (from 10 to 400 nm) indicate a mean value of 3.4 x 10(-5) s(-1) (with a standard error of 1.1 x 10(-6) s(-1)) and a median of 1.9 x 10(-5) s(-1) (interquartile range: -2.0 x 10(-5) to 7.5 x 10(-5) s(-1)). The median scavenging coefficients for D-p: 10-400 nm computed over all 95 rain events exhibit close agreement with the empirical parameterization proposed by (Laakso et al., 2003). They decline from -4.1 x 10(-5) s(-1) for D-p of 10-19 nm, to similar to 1.6 x 10(-5) s(-1) for D-p of 80-113 nm, and show an increasing tendency for D-p > 200 nm. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
机译:低于云的超细微粒清除系数(UFP)表现出较大的不确定性,部分原因是观测数据集的可用性有限,可以从中导出可靠的参数化或将其用于评估数值模型的输出。来自美国中西部的近地面UFP尺寸分布和降水强度的长时间序列在这里用于探索清除系数的不确定性,并测试以前的经验参数化的普遍性,该经验参数化是使用来自芬兰北方森林的类似数据开发的(Laakso等等(2003年)以及是否可以开发出更简洁的表述。在95个降雨事件(中值强度为1.56 mm h(-1))和104个粒径(Dp)类(从10到400 nm)的集合中的清除系数(λ)表示平均值为3.4 x 10( -5)s(-1)(标准误差为1.1 x 10(-6)s(-1)),中位数为1.9 x 10(-5)s(-1)(四分位间距:-2.0 x 10(-5)至7.5 x 10(-5)s(-1))。在所有95次降雨事件中计算得出的D-p的中值清除系数:10-400 nm与(Laakso et al。,2003)提出的经验参数化显示出紧密的一致性。对于10-19 nm的Dp,它们从-4.1 x 10(-5)s(-1)下降,对于80-113 nm的Dp,它们从1.6 x 10(-5)s(-1)下降, Dp> 200 nm的趋势增加。 (C)2016 Elsevier Ltd.保留所有权利。

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