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Chemical composition of the inorganic fraction of cloud-water at a high altitude station in West India

机译：印度西部高海拔站云水无机部分的化学成分

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摘要

Data from a ground-based cloud-water collection system intercepting water from clouds at a mountain field station, Sinhagad near Pune in India are presented. This study was part of an Indo-Swedish Collaboration Project on Atmospheric Brown Cloud-Asia (ABC-A). Cloud-water and rainwater (wet-only) samples were collected during June 2007-Dec. 2010. Concentrations of major anions and cations were determined. Ion concentrations were generally higher (NO_3~-, about 8 times; SO_4~(2-) and K~+, 5 times; NH_4~+, 4 times and Cl~-, Na~+, Ca~(2+), Mg~(2+) 3 times) in cloud-water samples than in rainwater samples collected during the same days. The average pH of cloud-water samples was 6.0 with about 20% of the values below 5.6 and only 4% less than 5.0. Despite high concentrations of SO_4~(2-) and NO_3~- the cloud water samples were on average not more acidic than rainwater samples. This is different from most of the other studies of cloud-water composition which have noted a substantially higher acidity (i.e. lower pH) in cloud-water than in rainwater. The slightly alkaline (pH > 5.6) nature of the cloud-water samples is mainly due to the presence of soil derived calcium carbonate in quantities more than enough to neutralize the acids or their precursors. A separation of the cloud-water data into trajectory groups showed that samples in air-masses having spent the last few days over the Indian sub-continent were in general more acidic (due to anthropogenic emissions) than those collected during days with air-masses of marine origin. A high correlation mutually between Ca~(2+), Na~+, NO_3~- and SO_4~(2-) makes it difficult to estimate the contribution to SO_4~(2-) from different sources. Anthropogenic SO_2-emissions and soil dust may both give important contributions.
机译：本文提供了来自地面云水收集系统的数据，该系统拦截了印度浦那附近Sinhagad山地站的云水。这项研究是印度－瑞典关于亚洲大气布朗云的合作项目（ABC-A）的一部分。在2007年6月至12月期间收集了云水和雨水（仅湿润）样本。 2010。确定了主要阴离子和阳离子的浓度。离子浓度通常较高（NO_3〜-约8倍； SO_4〜（2-）和K〜+ 5倍； NH_4〜+ 4倍； Cl〜-，Na〜+，Ca〜（2+），在同一天，云水样品中的Mg〜（2+）3倍于雨水样品中的Mg〜（2+）3倍。云水样品的平均pH为6.0，低于5.6的值约为20％，低于5.0的仅为4％。尽管SO_4〜（2-）和NO_3〜-的浓度很高，但浊水样品的平均酸性并不比雨水样品高。这与大多数其他有关云水组成的研究不同，后者指出云水的酸度（比雨水）高得多（即较低的pH）。云水样品的弱碱性（pH> 5.6）性质主要是由于存在土壤中衍生的碳酸钙，其数量足以中和酸或其前体。将云水数据分为轨迹组表明，在印度次大陆上度过了最后几天的空气质量样本通常比由于空气质量几天收集的样本酸性更高（由于人为排放）来自海洋。 Ca〜（2 +），Na〜+，NO_3〜-和SO_4〜（2-）之间的高度相关性使得难以估计不同来源对SO_4〜（2-）的贡献。人为产生的SO_2排放和土壤粉尘均可能起重要作用。

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  • 来源
    《Atmospheric environment》 |2014年第5期|59-65|共7页
  • 作者

    K.B. Budhavant; P.S.P. Rao; P.D. Safai; L. Granat; H. Rodhe;

  • 作者单位

    Maldives Climate Observatory-Hanimaadhoo, Hanimaadhoo, Maldives;

    Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Pune, Maharashtra, India;

    Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Pune, Maharashtra, India;

    Department of Meteorology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden;

    Department of Meteorology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden;

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  • 正文语种 eng
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  • 关键词

    Rainwater; Inorganic ions; Acidic deposition; PH;

    机译：雨水;无机离子;酸性沉积;PH值;

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