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首页> 外文期刊>Atmospheric environment >Source contributions to primary and secondary inorganic particulate matter during a severe wintertime PM_(2.5) pollution episode in Xi'an, China
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Source contributions to primary and secondary inorganic particulate matter during a severe wintertime PM_(2.5) pollution episode in Xi'an, China

机译：西安市冬季严重PM_（2.5）污染事件对主要和次要无机颗粒物的污染源贡献

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摘要

Average PM_(2.5) concentrations of ～250 μg m~(-3) and peak concentrations of ～500 μg m~(-3) were observed in Xi'an, the largest city in Northwest China during an extreme event in January 2013. The source-oriented versions of the Community Multi-scale Air Quality (CMAQ) model with anthropogenic emissions from Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR) were used to study the source contributions of six different source categories including energy production, industries, transportation, residential activities, "other" (agriculture, biomass, waste burning, and biogenic sources), and windblown dust to primary and secondary inorganic PM_(2.5) (nitrate and sulfate) during this episode. The model generally captured the variation and magnitude of PM_(2.5) concentrations at monitoring sites. The monthly average concentration of the predicted PM_(2.5) in Xi'an was ＞200 μg m~(-3), comparing favorably with the measurement of ～250 μg m~(-3). Predicted concentrations of elemental carbon (EC), organic aerosol (OA), sulfate, nitrate, and ammonium were 6, 35,18, 22, and 12 μg m~(-3), respectively. Chemically unresolved PM_(2.5) components (PM_(2.5) Other) were ～80 μg m~(-3). Industries and residential activities dominated EC, organic carbon (OC) and PM_(2.5) Other, contributing 85%, 95%, and 83%, respectively. Energy production (mainly coal combustion) was the dominating source for secondary nitrate, contributing 46%. Other local and upwind sources were also important, contributing 43% and 11% of total nitrate, respectively. Primary sulfate was ～10 μg m~(-3) in vicinity surrounding point sources. Secondary sulfate from upwind sources was also important with concentrations of ～4-5 μg m~(-3). Secondary sulfate formed by SO_2 emitted from local sources was dominated by energy production. Based on the contributions of different sources to primary components and secondary nitrate and sulfate, the contributions of different sources to PM_(2.5) total mass in Xi'an during the extremely polluted months are: energy 5%, industries 58%, transportation 2%, residential activities 16%, dust 4%, and other (including other components, inexplicit sources, and upwind sources) 15%.
机译：2013年1月，在西北地区最大的城市西安，观测到PM_（2.5）的平均浓度为〜250μgm〜（-3），峰值浓度为〜500μgm〜（-3）。来自全球大气研究排放数据库（EDGAR）的人为排放的社区多尺度空气质量（CMAQ）模型的面向源版本，用于研究六种不同源类​​别的源贡献，包括能源生产，工业，运输，在此期间，居民活动，“其他”（农业，生物质，废物燃烧和生物源）以及向主要和次要无机PM_（2.5）（硝酸盐和硫酸盐）吹尘。该模型通常捕获监测点的PM_（2.5）浓度的变化和大小。西安市预测的PM_（2.5）的月平均浓度> 200μgm〜（-3），与〜250μgm〜（-3）的测量值相比有优势。元素碳（EC），有机气溶胶（OA），硫酸盐，硝酸盐和铵的预测浓度分别为6、35、18、22和12μgm〜（-3）。化学未分解的PM_（2.5）组分（PM_（2.5）其他）约为〜80μgm〜（-3）。工业和居民活动主导了EC，有机碳（OC）和PM_（2.5）其他，分别贡献了85％，95％和83％。能源生产（主要是煤炭燃烧）是次要硝酸盐的主要来源，占46％。其他本地和上风源也很重要，分别占硝酸盐总量的43％和11％。周围点源附近的一次硫酸盐为〜10μgm〜（-3）。来自上风源的次生硫酸盐也很重要，其浓度约为〜4-5μgm〜（-3）。由本地来源排放的SO_2形成的二次硫酸盐以能源生产为主。根据不同来源对主要成分和次要硝酸盐和硫酸盐的贡献，在极度污染的月份中，不同来源对西安PM_（2.5）总质量的贡献为：能源5％，工业58％，运输2％ ，住宅活动占16％，粉尘占4％，其他（包括其他组件，含混物和上风源）占15％。

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  • 来源
    《Atmospheric environment》 |2014年第11期|182-194|共13页
  • 作者

    Dexiang Wang; Jianlin Hu; Yong Xu; Di Lv; Xiaoyang Xie; Michael Kleeman; Jia Xing; Hongliang Zhang; Qi Ying;

  • 作者单位

    College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China;

    Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA;

    College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China;

    College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China;

    College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China;

    Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA;

    Atmospheric Modeling and Analysis Division, National Exposure Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA;

    Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA,Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA;

    Zachry Department of Civil Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA;

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  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

    Xi'an; Source apportionment; Particulate matter; WRF/CMAQ; EDGAR;

    机译：西安来源分配;颗粒物;WRF / CMAQ;埃德加;

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