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首页> 外文期刊>Atmospheric environment >Concentrations of fine, ultrafine, and black carbon particles in auto-rickshaws in New Delhi, India
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Concentrations of fine, ultrafine, and black carbon particles in auto-rickshaws in New Delhi, India

机译：印度新德里的自动人力车中的细，超细和黑碳颗粒浓度

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Concentrations of air pollutants from vehicles are elevated along roadways, indicating that human exposure in transportation microenvironments may not be adequately characterized by centrally located monitors. We report results from - 180 h of real-time measurements of fine particle and black carbon mass concentration (PM2.5, BC) and ultrafine particle number concentration (PN) inside a common vehicle, the auto-rickshaw, in New Delhi, India. Measured exposure concentrations are much higher in this study (geometric mean for -60 trip-averaged concentrations: 190 μg m~(-3) PM2.5, 42 μg m(-3) BC, 280 x 103 particles cm~(-3); GSD -1.3 for all three pollutants) than reported for transportation microenvironments in other megacities. In-vehicle concentrations exceeded simultaneously measured ambient levels by 1.5 × for PM2.5, 3.6 × for BC, and 8.4 × for PN. Short-duration peak concentrations (averaging time: 10 s), attributable to exhaust plumes of nearby vehicles, were greater than 300 μg m~(-3) for PM2.5, 85 μg m~(-3) for BC, and 650 × 10~3 particles cm~(-3) for PN. The incremental increase of within-vehicle concentration above ambient levels—which we attribute to in- and near-roadway emission sources—accounted for 30%, 68% and 86% of time-averaged in-vehicle PM2.5, BC and PN concentrations, respectively. Based on these results, we estimate that one's exposure during a daily commute by auto-rickshaw in Delhi is as least as large as full-day exposures experienced by urban residents of many high-income countries. This study illuminates an environmental health concern that may be common in many populous, low-income cities.
机译：沿着道路，车辆中空气污染物的浓度升高，这表明位于中央的监控器可能无法充分表征人类在交通运输微环境中的暴露情况。我们报告了以下结果：-在印度新德里的普通人力车中，实时测量了180小时的细颗粒和黑碳质量浓度（PM2.5，BC）和超细颗粒数浓度（PN） 。这项研究中测得的暴露浓度要高得多（-60次平均浓度的几何平均值：190μgm〜（-3）PM2.5、42μgm（-3）BC，280 x 103颗粒cm〜（-3 ）；对于所有三种污染物，GSD -1.3）比其他大城市的运输微环境报告的结果高。车载浓度比同时测量的环境浓度高出2.5倍（PM2.5），3.6倍（BC）和8.4倍（PN）。邻近车辆尾气的短时峰值浓度（平均时间：10 s）对于PM2.5大于300μgm〜（-3），对于BC大于85μgm〜（-3），并且为650 PN×10〜3个粒子cm〜（-3）车内浓度高于环境水平的增量增加（我们将其归因于路内和近路排放源）分别占车载平均PM2.5，BC和PN浓度的30％，68％和86％ ， 分别。根据这些结果，我们估计德里的自动人力车每天通勤期间的暴露量至少与许多高收入国家的城市居民所经历的全天暴露量一样大。这项研究阐明了环境健康问题，这在许多人口众多的低收入城市中可能很普遍。

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