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OC/EC ratio observations in Europe: Re-thinking the approach for apportionment between primary and secondary organic carbon

机译：欧洲的OC / EC比率观察：重新思考一次和二次有机碳之间的分配方法

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摘要

This study explores a large set of OC and EC measurements in PMio and PM2.5 aerosol samples, undertaken with a long term constant analytical methodology, to evaluate the capability of the OC/EC minimum ratio to represent the ratio between the OC and EC aerosol components resulting from fossil fuel combustion (OCff/ECfr). The data set covers a wide geographical area in Europe, but with a particular focus upon Portugal, Spain and the United Kingdom, and includes a great variety of sites: urban (background, kerbside and tunnel), industrial, rural and remote. The highest minimum ratios were found in samples from remote and rural sites. Urban background sites have shown spatially and temporally consistent minimum ratios, of around 1.0 for PM10 and 0.7 for PM2.s.The consistency of results has suggested that the method could be used as a tool to derive the ratio between OC and EC from fossil fuel combustion and consequently to differentiate OC from primary and secondary sources. To explore this capability, OC and EC measurements were performed in a busy roadway tunnel in central Lisbon. The OC/ EC ratio, which reflected the composition of vehicle combustion emissions, was in the range of 0.3-0.4. Ratios of OC/EC in roadside increment air (roadside minus urban background) in Birmingham, UK also lie within the range 0.3—0.4. Additional measurements were performed under heavy traffic conditions at two double kerbside sites located in the centre of Lisbon and Madrid. The OC/EC minimum ratios observed at both sites were found to be between those of the tunnel and those of urban background air, suggesting that minimum values commonly obtained for this parameter in open urban atmospheres over-predict the direct emissions of OCff from road transport. Possible reasons for this discrepancy are explored.
机译：这项研究探索了使用长期恒定分析方法进行的PMio和PM2.5气溶胶样品中大量的OC和EC测量，以评估OC / EC最小比率代表OC和EC气溶胶之间的比率的能力化石燃料燃烧产生的成分（OCff / ECfr）。数据集涵盖了欧洲的广阔地理区域，但特别关注了葡萄牙，西班牙和英国，并且包括了多种站点：城市（背景，路边和隧道），工业，农村和偏远地区。在偏远和农村地区的样本中发现最低比率最高。城市背景站点显示出在空间和时间上一致的最小比率，PM10约为1.0，PM2.s为0.7。结果的一致性表明，该方法可以用作从化石燃料中推算OC和EC之比的工具。燃烧，从而将OC与主要和次要来源区分开。为了探索这种能力，在里斯本市中心繁忙的巷道中进行了OC和EC测量。反映车辆燃烧排放成分的OC / EC比在0.3-0.4的范围内。英国伯明翰的路边增量空气（路边减去城市背景）中的OC / EC比率也处于0.3-0.4的范围内。在交通繁忙的情况下，在里斯本和马德里中心的两个双路边站点进行了额外的测量。发现在两个站点上观测到的OC / EC最小比率都在隧道的OC / EC最小比率与城市背景空气的最小比率之间，这表明在开放的城市大气中通常通过该参数获得的最小值过高预测了道路交通产生的OCff直接排放量。 。探索了这种差异的可能原因。

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  • 来源
    《Atmospheric environment》 |2011年第34期|p.6121-6132|共12页
  • 作者

    Casimiro Pio; Mario Cerqueira; Roy M. Harrison; Teresa Nunes; Fatima Mirante; Celia Alves; Cesar Oliveira; Ana Sanchez de la Campa; Begona Artinano; Manuel Matos;

  • 作者单位

    CESAM & Department of Environment, University ofAveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;

    CESAM & Department of Environment, University ofAveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;

    Division of Environmental Health and Risk Management, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK;

    CESAM & Department of Environment, University ofAveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;

    CESAM & Department of Environment, University ofAveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;

    CESAM & Department of Environment, University ofAveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;

    CESAM & Department of Environment, University ofAveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;

    CESAM & Department of Environment, University ofAveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal,Department of Geology, University ofHuelva, 21071 Huelva, Spain;

    Department of Environment, CIEMAT, 28040 Madrid, Spain;

    Department of Chemistry, ISEL, Rua Conselheiro Emidio Navarro, 1, 1959-007 Lisbon, Portugal;

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  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
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  • 关键词

    organic carbon; elemental carbon; oc/ec ratio; secondary organic carbon; size distribution;

    机译：有机碳;元素碳;oc / ec比;次要有机碳;粒度分布;

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