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首页> 外文期刊>Atmospheric environment >Multi-year hourly PM_(2.5) carbon measurements in New York: Diurnal, day of week and seasonal patterns
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Multi-year hourly PM_(2.5) carbon measurements in New York: Diurnal, day of week and seasonal patterns

机译：纽约的多年每小时PM_（2.5）碳测量：日，星期几和季节性模式

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摘要

Multi-year hourly measurements of PM_(2.5) elemental carbon (EC) and organic carbon (OC) from a site in the South Bronx, New York were used to examine diurnal, day of week and seasonal patterns. The hourly carbon measurements also provided temporally resolved information on sporadic EC spikes observed predominantly in winter. Furthermore, hourly EC and OC data were used to provide information on secondary organic aerosol formation. Average monthly EC concentrations ranged from 0.5 to 1.4 μg m~(-3) with peak hourly values of several μgm~(-3) typically observed from November to March. Mean EC concentrations were lower on weekends (approximately 27% lower on Saturday and 38% lower on Sunday) than on weekdays (Monday to Friday). The weekday/weekend difference was more pronounced during summer months and less noticeable during winter. Throughout the year EC exhibited a similar diurnal pattern to NO_x showing a pronounced peak during the morning commute period (7-10 AM EST). These patterns suggest that EC was impacted by local mobile emissions and in addition by emissions from space heating sources during winter months. Although EC was highly correlated with black carbon (BC) there was a pronounced seasonal BC/EC gradient with summer BC concentrations approximately a factor of 2 higher than EC. Average monthly OC concentrations ranged from 1.0 to 4.1 μgm~(-3) with maximum hourly concentrations of 7-11 μgm~(-3) predominantly in summer or winter months. OC concentrations generally correlated with PM_(2.5) total mass and aerosol sulfate and with NO_x during winter months. OC showed no particular day of week pattern. The OC diurnal pattern was typically different than EC except in winter when OC tracked EC and NO_x indicating local primary emissions contributed significantly to OC during winter at the urban location. On average secondary organic aerosol was estimated to account for 40-50% of OC during winter and up to 63-73% during summer months.
机译：来自纽约南布朗克斯地区的PM_（2.5）元素碳（EC）和有机碳（OC）的多年小时测量用于检查昼夜，星期几和季节性模式。每小时的碳测量还提供了有关在冬季主要观察到的零星EC峰值的时间分辨信息。此外，每小时的EC和OC数据用于提供有关二次有机气溶胶形成的信息。每月平均EC浓度范围从0.5到1.4μgm〜（-3），每小时峰值峰值通常在11月到3月达到几μgm〜（-3）。周末的平均EC浓度比平日（星期一至星期五）低（星期六低27％，星期日低38％）。在夏季，工作日/周末的差异更为明显，而在冬季，则不那么明显。全年，EC表现出与NO_x相似的昼夜模式，在早晨通勤期间（美国东部标准时间上午7-10点）出现明显的峰值。这些模式表明，EC在冬季受到本地移动排放以及空间供热源排放的影响。尽管EC与黑碳（BC）高度相关，但存在明显的季节性BC / EC梯度，夏季BC浓度比EC高约2倍。每月平均OC浓度范围为1.0至4.1μgm〜（-3），最大每小时浓度为7-11μgm〜（-3），主要在夏季或冬季。在冬季，OC浓度通常与PM_（2.5）总质量和硫酸盐气溶胶以及NO_x相关。 OC没有显示特定的星期几模式。 OC的昼夜模式通常与EC不同，除了在冬天，OC跟踪EC和NO_x表示在城市冬季，本地主要排放物对OC的贡献很大。估计冬季平均二次有机气溶胶占OC的40％至50％，而夏季则高达63-73％。

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