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Identifying under-characterized atmospheric methane emission sources in Western Maryland

机译：在马里兰州西部识别出特征的大气甲烷排放来源

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Methane (CH4), as the second largest component of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, can be formed through biogenic or thennogenic processes. A 2015 aircraft survey conducted by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) observed a 2.7 ppm methane plume (40% increase relative to background) at an altitude of 500 m above ground in Western Maryland. Specific sources were not attributed, however, due to rough terrain and a variety of possible sources including coal mines, landfills, and natural gas infrastructure (production wells, storage wells, abandoned wells, pipelines and compressor stations). National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) conducted a stationary ambient air monitoring campaign during 2014 Spring/Summer (May to August) and Fall/Winter (November to February) and a 5 -day mobile sampling survey in September and October 2018 to identify the potential source(s). The ambient air monitoring laboratory was located in Western Maryland in an area containing production, abandoned, and storage wells. By using cavity ring-down spectroscopy, we observed CH4 concentrations up to 7.4 ppm. The plume events had a thermogenic delta C-13 signature of -35.2 +/- 0.6 parts per thousand. Mobile survey routes were optimized based on locations of previously identified CH4 sources. We observed a 10-min long CH4 plume event while stopping/driving in a township downwind of a compressor station and repeated 10 ppm plumes near the landfill in the northeast of Western Maryland. CH4 emissions from the landfill had a delta C-13 value of -54.0 +/- 0.4 parts per thousand, indicative of biogenic origins. We calculated the CH4 emission flux from the landfill to be 1575 +/- 1173 tons/year by using inverse dispersion modeling. The flux estimation agreed with Maryland Department of the Environment inventory if assuming no day to day variation in the emission rate. CH4 sources in Western Maryland include natural gas infrastructure and the landfill. The 2.7 ppm plume observed by the aircraft was most likely from the landfill near Frostburg in the northeast of the study area.
机译：作为大气中的温室气体的第二大组分，甲烷（CH4）可以通过生物或自然的方法形成。由国家海洋和大气管理（NOAA）进行的2015年飞机调查，在马里兰州西部地上500米的高度观察了2.7ppm甲烷羽毛（相对于背景的40％）。然而，由于崎岖的地形和各种可能的来源以及包括煤矿，垃圾填埋场和天然气基础设施（生产井，储存井，废弃的井，管道和压缩机站），具体来源并未归因于归因。国家能源技术实验室（NetL）在2014年春季/夏季（5月至8月）和秋季/冬季（11月至2月）和2018年9月和10月的秋季/冬季（11月至2月）进行了一项固定的环境空中监测活动，以及2018年10月和2018年10月的5日移动抽样调查。识别潜力来源。环境空气监测实验室位于马里兰州西部，含有生产，废弃和储存井。通过使用腔循环光谱，我们观察到CH4浓度高达7.4 ppm。羽流事件具有-35.2 +/- 0.6份的热δc-13签名。基于先前识别的CH4来源的位置优化了移动测量路线。我们观察了一个10分钟的长CH4羽流情况，同时在压缩机站的乡镇停止/驾驶时停止/驾驶，并在马里兰州东北部的垃圾填埋场附近重复了10 ppm羽毛。垃圾填埋场的CH4排放具有ΔC-13值-54.0 +/- 0.4份每千份，表明生物起源。我们通过使用逆分散建模计算了从垃圾填埋场的CH4排放通量为1575 +/- 1173吨/年。如果不假设减排率的日常变异，则与Maryland部门的环境清单的助核估计商定。西部马里兰州的CH4来源包括天然气基础设施和垃圾填埋场。飞机观察到的2.7ppm羽流最有可能从研究区域东北部附近的Frostburg附近的垃圾填埋场。

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