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The representation of emissions from megacities in global emission inventories

机译：全球排放清单中特大城市排放的表示

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We examine the representation of emissions from megacities in three global anthropogenic emission inventories. Despite the many common sources of data between the inventories, and the similarities in their construction methodologies, there are some very large differences (often a factor of two) between the emissions for individual cities, even when the total global emissions are very similar. We find that the geographical distribution of the emissions within countries plays a larger role in explaining the differences between the inventories than differences in the country total emissions. We also find very large differences between the contribution of various sectors to the total emissions from each city, and relate these differences to the respective methodologies used in the inventory construction. By and large, in OECD countries megacity emissions from the global inventories are dominated by road transport, especially for CO and to a lesser degree for NO_x. In non-OECD countries, notably in Asia, megacity CO emissions are dominated by residential biofuel use, while industrial emissions predominate for NO_x. Non-methane hydrocarbon emissions in OECD megacities are caused by industry and traffic, whereas in non-OECD countries residential biofuel use makes significant contributions. These emission signatures often result from assumptions about the distribution of emissions according to gridded population density maps rather than according to the actual location of the emitting processes. We recommend the use of an ensemble of inventories, that the geographical distribution of emissions receives increased attention, and that local inventories be integrated into global emission inventories.
机译：我们在三个全球人为排放清单中研究了大城市排放量的表示形式。尽管清单之间有许多共同的数据源，并且其构建方法相似，但即使全球总排放量非常相似，各个城市的排放量仍存在很大差异（通常是两倍）。我们发现，国家内部排放量的地理分布在解释清单之间的差异方面比国家总排放量的差异起更大的作用。我们还发现各个部门对每个城市的总排放量的贡献之间存在很大差异，并将这些差异与清单构建中使用的相应方法相关联。总体而言，在经合组织国家中，全球清单中的大城市排放主要由公路运输主导，尤其是对于二氧化碳而言，而对氮氧化物的排放程度较小。在非经合组织国家中，特别是在亚洲，大城市的CO排放主要由住宅生物燃料的使用决定，而工业排放则以NO_x为主。经合组织大城市中的非甲烷碳氢化合物排放是由工业和交通运输引起的，而在非经合组织国家中，居民生物燃料的使用做出了重大贡献。这些排放特征通常是根据关于网格分布的人口密度图而不是根据排放过程的实际位置的排放分布的假设得出的。我们建议使用一组清单，使排放的地理分布受到更多关注，并将本地清单纳入全球排放清单。

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