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首页> 外文期刊>Atmospheric environment >The weekday-weekend difference and the estimation of the non-vehicle contributions to the urban increment of airborne particulate matter
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The weekday-weekend difference and the estimation of the non-vehicle contributions to the urban increment of airborne particulate matter

机译：工作日与周末的差异以及非车辆对城市空气中颗粒物增量的贡献的估算

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Analysis of three separate urban data sets has identified significant weekend reductions of PM_(10), PM_(2.5) and PM_(2.5-10) mass concentrations compared to weekday values. Significant weekday-weekend differences were also found for elemental carbon in the fine size fraction, and calcium in the coarse size fraction. There was no significant weekday-weekend difference in the case of sea salt or compounds of nitrate or sulphate. Given the paucity of day of the week-specific activity data for sources other than road traffic, it has been assumed that non-traffic sources of particles are uniform throughout the week, allowing estimation of the traffic contribution to PM concentrations. While this approach may neglect a weekday-weekend difference in particulate matter from construction sources, the effect of such sources is believed to be small. Two methods (by calculation and regression) of deriving the non-vehicle contribution to the urban increment above the regional background were compared. Both resulted in values of 2.1-2.7 μg m~(-3) (with an estimated error of around 2μg m~(-3)) for the non-vehicle urban increment in PM_(10) measured by TEOM (gravimetric equivalent) at some urban background sites in London. The annual average traffic contribution to the urban increment is estimated as 1.6-4.4 μg m~(-3) for background sites in London, except Bloomsbury where the estimated traffic contribution is higher and that for non-traffic sources is lower. Use of the same method at the rural Harwell site leads to an estimate of 1.8_g m~(-3) for the traffic contribution.
机译：对三个单独的城市数据集的分析已经确定，与工作日值相比，周末的PM_（10），PM_（2.5）和PM_（2.5-10）质量浓度显着降低。还发现细粒度部分的元素碳和粗粒度部分的钙之间存在显着的工作日-周末差异。在海盐或硝酸盐或硫酸盐化合物的情况下，工作日与周末之间没有显着差异。鉴于除了道路交通以外的其他来源的一周中特定日期的活动数据很少，可以假设整个一周内非交通颗粒物来源是统一的，从而可以估算交通对PM浓度的贡献。尽管这种方法可能忽略了建筑来源的颗粒物在工作日与周末之间的差异，但据信这种来源的影响很小。比较了两种通过计算和回归得出非车辆对区域背景以上城市增量的贡献的方法。两者均导致在TEOM（重力当量）测得的PM_（10）中非车辆城市增量的值在2.1-2.7μgm〜（-3）（估计误差约为2μgm〜（-3））。伦敦的一些城市背景景点。伦敦背景站点的年平均交通流量对城市增量的贡献估计为1.6-4.4μgm〜（-3），但布卢姆斯伯里除外，后者的交通贡献估计较高，而非交通来源的交通贡献较低。在哈威尔乡村地区使用相同的方法得出的流量贡献估计为1.8_g m〜（-3）。

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