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首页> 外文期刊>Atmospheric environment >Near-field radioactive particle dynamics and empirical fallout patterns in Chernobyl's Western and Northern Plumes
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Near-field radioactive particle dynamics and empirical fallout patterns in Chernobyl's Western and Northern Plumes

机译：切尔诺贝利西部和北部羽流的近场放射性粒子动力学和经验沉降模式

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摘要

We compared geographically referenced ground-based measurements of gamma and beta radiation to model predictions of particle dispersion and estimate the influences of particle sizes, wind speeds, and vertical and lateral turbulence on the near-field ( < 12km) fallout patterns resulting from Chernobyl's first two releases of radioactive materials. Excellent conformity between empirical measures and model predictions was found when reasonable atmospheric parameters were assigned. Whereas particle size contributions to the two plumes were similar, atmospheric influences on particle flow differed markedly, resulting in rapid widening, meander, and diminished radiation doses in the Northern Plume relative to that for the narrower and intensely radioactive Western Plume. The Northern Plume is probably the result of multiple particle characteristics released simultaneously. Near-field depositions were due to paniculate nuclear fuel probably ejected during helicopter drops of sand onto the burning reactor. Depositions much farther north of the reactor complex were likely due to smaller (1-3 μm) aerosols of volatile radionuclides. Predominant particle sizes in the near-field traces of both plumes were > 40μm in diameter. These large particulates eliminate passive dispersion of oxidized nuclear fuel and aerosol releases of volatile elements as the primary sources of contamination in the Northern Plume at distances < 12 km from the Chernobyl reactor.
机译：我们比较了地理参考的地面对伽马射线和贝塔射线的测量结果，以对颗粒弥散的预测进行模型化，并估计了切尔诺贝利的首次实验产生的颗粒尺寸，风速以及垂直和横向湍流对近场（<12km）沉降模式的影响两次释放放射性物质。当分配了合理的大气参数时，发现经验方法与模型预测之间具有极好的一致性。尽管对这两种羽流的粒径贡献相似，但大气对粒子流的影响却截然不同，从而导致北羽流中的辐射剂量相对于较窄且具有强烈放射性的西羽流而言，辐射剂量迅速变宽，弯曲和减小。北极羽可能是同时释放多个颗粒特征的结果。近场沉积物是由于可能在直升飞机上的沙子滴落到燃烧反应堆上时喷出的颗粒状核燃料所致。反应堆复合体以北更远的沉积物可能是由于挥发性放射性核素的气溶胶较小（1-3μm）。两个羽状流的近场痕迹中的主要粒径均大于40μm。这些大颗粒消除了北部核羽中距切尔诺贝利反应堆小于12 km的主要污染源，从而消除了氧化核燃料的被动扩散和挥发性元素的气溶胶释放。

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