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Concentrations and emissions of gasoline and other vapors from residential vehicle garages

机译：住宅车辆车库中汽油和其他蒸气的浓度和排放

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High concentrations of airborne volatile organic compounds (VOCs) may be present in residential garages due to emissions from vehicles, lawnmowers, storage containers, and many other items stored in the garage. VOC emissions will ultimately be transported into ambient air and, if the garage is attached to a residence or other building, into living spaces. This study reports on VOC concentrations and emissions at 15 residential garages in Michigan that varied in type, size, use and other characteristics. VOCs were measured in garages and in outside air using 4-day passive sampling, thermal desorption, and GC-MS analysis. Effective air exchange rates (AERs) were determined using a perfluorocarbon tracer gas and the constant injection method. A modeling analysis shows the effect of time-varying ventilation. To estimate temporal and spatial variability, concentrations were measured on 7 subsequent occasions at multiple locations in one garage. This garage was well-mixed, and the temporal variation in AERs and concentrations was modest. Across the 15 garages, 36 different VOCs in garage air, and 20 in ambient air, were quantified. Source groups identified and attributed to garage emissions included evaporated gasoline, solvents, paints, oils, and cleaners. Concentrations of gasoline-related VOCs in most garages were high, e.g., benzene levels reached 159 μgm~(-3) in one garage. TVOC emissions per garage averaged 3.0 ± 4.1 gday~(-1), and AERs averaged 0.77±0.51 h~(-1). VOC concentrations and AERs were not strongly correlated to observed house, garage or meteorological factors, but appeared largely dependent on occupant activities (opening of the garage door) and VOC sources present. This study quantifies the importance of attached garages as VOC sources, and the results are significant for understanding and mitigating indoor exposures, and for estimating emissions for source inventory purposes.
机译：由于车辆，割草机，存储容器以及存储在车库中的许多其他物品的排放，住宅车库中可能存在高浓度的空气传播性挥发性有机化合物（VOC）。 VOC排放物最终将被输送到周围的空气中，如果车库连接到住宅或其他建筑物，则将其排放到居住空间中。这项研究报告了密歇根州15个住宅车库中VOC的浓度和排放，其类型，大小，用途和其他特征各不相同。使用4天被动采样，热解吸和GC-MS分析，在车库和室外空气中测量VOC。使用全氟化碳示踪气体和恒定注入方法确定有效空气交换率（AER）。建模分析显示了随时间变化的通风效果。为了估计时间和空间的可变性，在随后的7次场合中，在一个车库中的多个位置测量了浓度。这个车库混合得很好，AER和浓度的时间变化适度。在15个车库中，对车库中的36种不同的VOC和周围环境中的20种进行了量化。确定并归因于车库排放的来源类别包括蒸发的汽油，溶剂，油漆，油和清洁剂。大多数车库中与汽油有关的VOC浓度很高，例如，一个车库中的苯水平达到159μgm〜（-3）。每个车库的TVOC排放平均为3.0±4.1 gday〜（-1），AER平均为0.77±0.51 h〜（-1）。 VOC浓度和AER与观察到的房屋，车库或气象因素没有强烈关系，但似乎很大程度上取决于乘员活动（打开车库门）和存在的VOC来源。这项研究量化了作为VOC排放源的附属车库的重要性，其结果对于理解和减轻室内暴露以及估算排放源的排放量具有重要意义。

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