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首页> 外文期刊>Atmospheric environment >Comprehensive particle characterization of modern gasoline and diesel passenger cars at low ambient temperatures
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Comprehensive particle characterization of modern gasoline and diesel passenger cars at low ambient temperatures

机译：在低环境温度下对现代汽油和柴油乘用车进行全面的颗粒表征

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Particle measurements were performed in the exhaust of five light-duty vehicles (Euro-3) at + 23, -7, and - 20℃ ambient temperatures. The characterization included measurements of particle number, active surface area, number size distribution, and mass size distribution. We investigated two port-injection spark-ignition (PISI) vehicles, a direct-injection spark-ignition (DISI) vehicle, a compressed ignition (CI) vehicle with diesel particle filter (DPF), and a CI vehicle without DPF. To minimize sampling effects, particles were directly sampled from the tailpipe with a novel porous tube diluter at controlled sampling parameters. The diluted exhaust was split into two branches to measure either all or only non-volatile particles. Effect of ambient temperature was investigated on particle emission for cold and warmed-up engine. For the gasoline vehicles and the CI vehicle with DPF, the main portion of particle emission was found in the first minutes of the driving cycle at cold engine start. The particle emission of the CI vehicle without DPF was hardly affected by cold engine start. For the PISI vehicles, particle number emissions were superproportionally increased in the diameter size range from 0.1 to 0.3 μm during cold start at low ambient temperature. Based on the particle mass size distribution, the DPF removed smaller particles (dp < 0.5 μm) more efficiently than larger particles (dp > 0.5μm). No significant effect of ambient temperature was observed when the engine was warmed up. Peak emission of volatile nanoparticles only took place at specific conditions and was poorly repeatable. Nucleation of particles was predominately observed during or after strong acceleration at high speed and during regeneration of the DPF.
机译：在+ 23，-7和-20℃的环境温度下，对五辆轻型汽车（Euro-3）的排气进行了颗粒测量。表征包括颗粒数量，活性表面积，数量尺寸分布和质量尺寸分布的测量。我们研究了两种端口喷射式火花点火（PISI）车辆，直接喷射式火花点火（DISI）车辆，带柴油颗粒过滤器（DPF）的压缩点火（CI）车辆和不带DPF的CI车辆。为了最大程度地减少采样效果，使用新型多孔管稀释器以受控的采样参数直接从排气管中采样颗粒。将稀释的废气分成两个分支，以测量所有或仅非挥发性颗粒。研究了环境温度对冷暖发动机的颗粒排放的影响。对于带有DPF的汽油车和CI车，在发动机冷启动的驾驶周期的前几分钟内发现了主要的颗粒物排放。没有DPF的CI车辆的颗粒排放几乎不受发动机冷启动的影响。对于PISI车辆，在低环境温度下的冷启动期间，直径范围从0.1到0.3μm，颗粒物排放量超比例增加。基于粒径分布，DPF去除较大颗粒（dp>0.5μm）的效率更高。发动机预热时，未观察到环境温度的明显影响。挥发性纳米颗粒的峰发射仅在特定条件下发生，并且重复性差。在高速强加速期间或之后以及DPF再生期间，主要观察到颗粒成核。

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