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Export of atmospheric mercury from Asia

机译：从亚洲出口大气汞

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Emissions inventories indicate that Asian Hg sources are more than 50% of the global anthropogenic total. However, few measurements have been made to verify these large emissions. In this paper, we report on measurements of mercury from two sites during spring 2004 which received Asian outflow: Hedo Station, Okinawa (HSO), Japan and the Mt. Bachelor Observatory (MBO) in central Oregon, USA. At both sites, export of atmospheric mercury from China and East Asia was verified by the observations and meteorological data. The mean Hg~0 concentration we observed at HSO was 2.04 ng m~(-3), which is significantly higher than the global background. Measurements of reactive gaseous mercury and particulate mercury at HSO found relatively little outflow of these compounds from Asia, generally less than 3% of the total mercury. By examining the correlation of Hg~0 to carbon monoxide during outflow events, we have derived an enhancement ratio, which should reflect the ratio of these compounds in the source region. During outflow from Asia, the mean Hg~0/CO molar enhancement ratio we observed at HSO was 6.2 x 10~(-7), which is nearly twice the expected ratio based on emissions estimates from China. During one episode of long-range transport from Asia to the MBO, we found a very similar ratio of Hg~0/CO to that observed at HSO and a similar ratio was also reported by Friedli et al. (2004, Journal of Geophysical Research 109, D19 S25) downwind of Shanghai. Thus the ratio of Hg~0/CO appears to be a good tracer of Asian industrial outflow. Using the Hg~0/CO ratio and a recent inventory for CO emissions, we calculate Hg~0 emissions from Asia of 1460 metric tons year~(-1), which is nearly two times the value in the Pacyna et al. (2003, Global mercury emissions. Presented at Long-Range Transport Workshop, Ann Arbor, MI, September 2003) inventory. Several hypotheses are proposed to explain this discrepancy, including an underestimation of the Chinese industrial Hg~0 emissions, natural sources, significant re-emissions of previously deposited Hg and/or a higher ratio of Hg~0/total Hg in the outflow from Asia than in the emission inventory.
机译：排放清单表明，亚洲汞的来源占全球人为总排放量的50％以上。但是，很少进行测量来验证这些大的排放量。在本文中，我们报告了2004年春季从亚洲流出的两个站点（日本冲绳河户站（HSO）和日本山）的汞测量结果。美国俄勒冈州中部的天文台（MBO）。在这两个地点，观测和气象数据证实了中国和东亚的大气汞出口。我们在HSO处观察到的Hg〜0平均浓度为2.04 ng m〜（-3），显着高于全球背景。在HSO上对反应性气态汞和颗粒状汞的测量发现，这些化合物从亚洲流出的相对较少，通常不到总汞的3％。通过检查流出事件期间Hg〜0与一氧化碳的相关性，我们得出了增强比，该比应反映源区中这些化合物的比值。从亚洲流出期间，我们在HSO处观测到的Hg〜0 / CO摩尔平均增加比为6.2 x 10〜（-7），几乎是根据中国排放量估算的预期比的两倍。在一次从亚洲到MBO的远距离运输中，我们发现Hg〜0 / CO的比率与HSO所观察到的非常相似，Friedli等人也报道了相似的比率。 （2004年，地球物理研究杂志109，D19 S25）在上海顺风。因此，Hg〜0 / CO的比率似乎是亚洲工业流出的良好示踪剂。使用Hg〜0 / CO比率和最近的CO排放清单，我们计算出亚洲的Hg〜0排放量为1460公吨年〜（-1），几乎是Pacyna等人的值的两倍。 （2003年，全球汞排放。在2003年9月在密歇根州安阿伯市的远程运输讲习班上提出）清单。提出了几种假设来解释这种差异，包括低估了中国工业中的Hg〜0排放量，自然资源，先前沉积的Hg的大量再排放和/或亚洲流出的Hg〜0 /总Hg的比率更高。比排放清单中的要多。

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