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Review of atmospheric metallic elements in Asia during 2000-2004

机译：2000-2004年亚洲大气金属元素回顾

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Metallic element transfer through the atmosphere is a significant part of the biogeochemical cycle of these elements. Natural and anthropogenic were two processes which can increase heavy metal concentrations in the atmosphere. Atmospheric particulates, especially secondary anthropogenic fine particles (PM_(2.5)), have been influence human health. Generally speaking, the total daily mortality increases by approximately 1% for every 10 μg m~(-3) increase in PM_(10) concentration (Lippmann, 1998). This is why the PM_(10) and PM_(2.5) measurements are included in the US ambient air quality standards (US-EPA, 1987 for PM_(10); 1996 for PM_(2.5)) (Querol et al., 2001). In recent years, since the great efforts made by Taiwan government towards the reduction of O_3 and PM_(10) concentrations by controlling the emission rates of local pollutants sources, the frequency of exceeded PSI has gradually decrease the value of 4.9% in 1999 (Taiwan EPA, 2000). Urban populations are exposed to metals in suspended particles and these are often well above natural background levels owing to anthropogenic processes (Espinosa et al., 2002). This results in elevated metal concentrations that can pose an important risk to human health. Understanding emissions from traffic includes identification of the sources, which is also crucial for designing control measures. Road traffic involves numerous potential sources of metals, combustion products from fuel and oil, wear products from tires, brake linings, bearings, coach and road construction materials, and re-suspension of soil and road dust. The different sample collection devices, pretreatment and analysis methods were discussed in this study. The purpose of this study arranges the atmospheric metallic elements investigations in Asia regions. The data obtained here can also help to understand the sources, concentration, phase distribution and health impact of atmospheric metallic elements in Asian countries.
机译：金属元素通过大气的转移是这些元素生物地球化学循环的重要组成部分。天然和人为的两个过程可以增加大气中的重金属浓度。大气微粒，尤其是人为次生微粒（PM_（2.5））已经影响了人类健康。一般来说，PM_（10）浓度每增加10μgm〜（-3），每日总死亡率将增加约1％（Lippmann，1998）。这就是为什么PM_（10）和PM_（2.5）测量值包含在美国环境空气质量标准中的原因（US-EPA，1987年用于PM_（10）； 1996年用于PM_（2.5））（Querol等，2001） 。近年来，由于台湾政府为控制O_3和PM_（10）浓度而做出的巨大努力，通过控制本地污染物源的排放率，PSI的超标频率在1999年逐渐降低了4.9％（台湾EPA，2000）。城市人口暴露于悬浮颗粒中的金属，由于人类活动，它们通常远远高于自然本底水平（Espinosa等，2002）。这导致金属浓度升高，可能对人类健康构成重大风险。了解交通排放包括识别源，这对于设计控制措施也至关重要。道路交通涉及许多潜在的金属来源，燃料和机油的燃烧产物，轮胎，制动衬片，轴承，客车和道路建筑材料的磨损产物以及土壤和道路扬尘的再悬浮。在这项研究中讨论了不同的样品收集设备，预处理和分析方法。本研究的目的是安排亚洲地区大气金属元素的调查。此处获得的数据还可以帮助您了解亚洲国家中大气金属元素的来源，浓度，相分布和对健康的影响。

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