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Evidence of the impact of urban plumes on remote sites in the Eastern Mediterranean

机译：城市羽流对东地中海偏远地区影响的证据

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Peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) is a well-known tracer of anthropogenically related impacts in photochemical smog formation and is usually found in heavily polluted urban air worldwide. Over the last decades its abundance in urban air has also been confirmed for Greek urban sites such as Athens or Thessaloniki. Due to the strong temperature dependence of PAN decomposition, PAN has also been identified as a long distance tracer of human activities. This behaviour is clearly discernible at low temperatures either under corresponding meteorological conditions or at higher altitudes. Information about the medium-range impact of PAN in the Eastern Mediterranean is still scarce. This study analyses PAN time series obtained simultaneously at two sites on the island of Crete located at two different altitudes (coastal site, mountain site at 1020 m a.s.l.; distance between the sites about 20 km) during the photochemical activity and solar ultraviolet radiation (PAUR-II) campaign in May/June 1999. Within the range of 270 km no metropolitan area is located, and the surrounding water surfaces represent an area almost free of stationary emission sources. The results from the PAUR-II campaign both show uniform diurnal variations of PAN at both sites indicating regional formation, as well as completely different patterns indicating that medium-range transport is effective., The metropolitan areas of Athens and Istanbul are likely emission sources. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. [References: 29]
机译：过氧乙酰硝酸盐（PAN）是人为因素对光化学烟雾形成的影响的众所周知的示踪剂，通常在全球污染严重的城市空气中发现。在过去的几十年中，雅典或塞萨洛尼基等希腊城市场所也证实了其丰富的城市空气。由于PAN分解对温度的依赖性强，因此PAN也被认为是人类活动的长距离示踪剂。在相应的气象条件下或在更高的海拔下，在低温下这种行为显然是可辨别的。关于PAN在东地中海的中程影响的信息仍然很少。这项研究分析了在光化学活动和太阳紫外线辐射（PAUR）期间在两个不同高度的克里特岛上两个地点（沿海地点，山地，海拔1020 m asl；地点之间的距离约20 km）同时获得的PAN时间序列。 -II）运动在1999年5月/ 6月。在270公里范围内，没有大都市区，周围的水面几乎没有固定的排放源。 PAUR-II运动的结果都表明，两个站点的PAN的昼夜变化均表明区域形成，并且完全不同的模式表明中程运输有效。雅典和伊斯坦布尔的大都市区很可能是排放源。 （C）2003 Elsevier ScienceLtd。保留所有权利。 [参考：29]

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