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首页> 外文期刊>Atmospheric environment >Diurnal and annual characteristics of particle mass and number concentrations in urban, rural and Arctic environments in Finland
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Diurnal and annual characteristics of particle mass and number concentrations in urban, rural and Arctic environments in Finland

机译：芬兰城市，农村和北极环境中颗粒质量和数量浓度的日和年特征

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摘要

In order to be able to detect annual and diurnal variation the nucleation, Aitken and accumulation mode aerosol number concentrations were investigated. In this study particulate matter and aerosol number concentrations based on three years (1999-2001) measurements in four different places, Helsinki, Hyytiaelae, Pallas and Vaerrioe in Finland were utilized. Mean PM_(10) concentration was found to be in urban, urban background, disturbed rural and rural conditions 18.7, 15.3, 10.2 and 6.9 μg m~(-3). PM_(2.5) concentrations in urban, urban background and rural conditions were 9.6, 8.2 and 5.8 μgm~(-3). PM_1 concentration in rural area were 4.1 μgm~(-3). Total number concentrations between 10 and 500 nm in urban, rural and arctic background were 16660, 2110 and about 920 cm~(-3), respectively. Annual cycle of different particle sizes was also investigated. Particle mass was found to have maximum during the spring and autumn. Nucleation mode particle concentrations had their maximum both in urban and rural conditions in spring and autumn. For Aitken mode a similar variation was found. Accumulation mode particles were found to have the highest concentrations during summer and the lowest concentrations during winter. In urban conditions local sources drive over natural variability, but a natural cycle can still be seen. Diurnal variation was found to be associated with traffic in urban conditions. In rural conditions, diurnal variation of nucleation mode particles were connected to new particle formation. It was also found, that there is no correlation between ultrafine (<90 nm) and larger (> 90 nm) particles.
机译：为了能够检测年和日变化，对成核，Aitken和累积模式气溶胶数浓度进行了研究。在这项研究中，使用了在芬兰的赫尔辛基，Hyytiaelae，Pallas和Vaerrioe四个不同地点基于三年（1999-2001年）测量结果的颗粒物和气溶胶浓度。发现PM_（10）的平均浓度在城市，城市背景，扰动的农村和乡村条件下为18.7、15.3、10.2和6.9μgm〜（-3）。在城市，城市背景和农村条件下的PM_（2.5）浓度分别为9.6、8.2和5.8μgm〜（-3）。农村地区PM_1浓度为4.1μgm〜（-3）。在城市，农村和北极背景下，总浓度在10至500 nm之间的浓度分别为16660、2110和约920 cm〜（-3）。还研究了不同粒径的年循环。发现在春季和秋季，颗粒质量最大。在春季和秋季，在城市和乡村条件下，成核模式颗粒浓度均达到最大值。对于艾特肯模式，发现了类似的变化。发现在夏季，累积模式粒子的浓度最高，而在冬季，浓度模式的粒子最低。在城市条件下，本地资源是自然变化的驱动力，但仍然可以看到自然周期。发现昼夜变化与城市条件下的交通有关。在农村条件下，成核模式颗粒的日变化与新颗粒的形成有关。还发现，超细颗粒（<90 nm）和较大颗粒（> 90 nm）之间没有相关性。

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