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The influence of weather-type and long-range transport on airborne particle concentrations in Edinburgh, UK

机译：天气类型和远程运输对英国爱丁堡空气中颗粒物浓度的影响

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This study investigated the influence of regional-scale synoptic weather type and geographical source regions of air masses on two-particle concentration metrics (Black Smoke (BS) and PM_(10)) in the city of Edinburgh, UK, between 1981 and 1996. Twenty-seven classifications of Jenkinson Daily Weather Types (JWT) were sub-divided into 9 directional categories and 3 vorticity categories, and the influence of JWT category on BS and PM_(10) determined. Four-day air mass back-trajectories for 1 July 1995-30 June 1996 were computed and grouped into 8 categories depending on the geographical route followed. Significantly elevated concentrations of BS (median values 2, 5 and 4 μg m~(-3) greater than median for 1981-1996) and PM_(10) (median values 3, 5.5 and 8 μgm~(-3) greater than median for 1992-1996) were observed for anticyclonic, southerly and south-easterly weather types, respectively. These differences were not identified at conventional levels of significance for BS in 1995-1996. This may reflect a shift in more recent times to lower concentrations of predominantly locally emitted BS less affected by regional scale meteorology. Conversely, significant inter-trajectory category differences were observed for PM_(10) during 1995-1996, with highest concentrations associated with Eastern European trajectories and south-easterly weather type categories (11.4 and 10.7 μg m~(-3) greater than annual means, respectively). The variation in particle concentration across weather-type was a significant proportion of total median particle concentration, and of a magnitude associated with adverse health outcomes. Thus current PM_(10) concentrations (and associated health outcomes) in Edinburgh are likely to be significantly influenced by regional-scale meteorology independent of local air quality management areas. Furthermore, changes in long-term trends in distributions of synoptic weather types indicate that future climate change may influence exposure to PM_(10) and the PM_(10):BS ratio in Edinburgh. Further definition of the relationships between long-range transport and particle concentration will improve classification of human exposure in epidemiological studies.
机译：这项研究调查了1981年至1996年之间英国爱丁堡市的区域尺度天气类型和气团地理源区域对两颗粒物浓度指标（黑烟（BS）和PM_（10））的影响。将Jenkinson每日天气类型（JWT）的27个类别细分为9个方向类别和3个涡度类别，并确定了JWT类别对BS和PM_（10）的影响。计算了1995年7月1日至1996年6月30日的四天空气质量轨迹，并根据所遵循的地理​​路线将其分为8类。 BS（中值分别为1981-1996的中值2、5和4μgm〜（-3）显着增加）和PM_（10）（中值分别为中值3、5.5和8μgm〜（-3）显着增加） （1992-1996年），分别观察到反气旋，南风和东南风的天气类型。在BS的1995-1996年的常规显着性水平上未发现这些差异。这可能反映了最近一段时间向区域性气象学影响较小的主要局部发射的BS浓度降低的转变。相反，在1995-1996年间，PM_（10）的轨迹间类别差异显着，与东欧轨迹和东南天气类型类别相关的浓度最高（分别比年度平均值大11.4和10.7μgm〜（-3））。 ， 分别）。颗粒物浓度随天气类型的变化在总中值颗粒物浓度中占很大比例，且与不良健康后果相关。因此，爱丁堡当前的PM_（10）浓度（以及相关的健康结果）很可能受到独立于当地空气质量管理区域的区域尺度气象学的显着影响。此外，天气天气类型分布的长期趋势变化表明，未来的气候变化可能会影响爱丁堡的PM_（10）和PM_（10）：BS比值。进一步定义远距离运输与颗粒物浓度之间的关系将改善流行病学研究中人类暴露的分类。

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