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Examination of CCN impacts on hail in a simulated supercell storm with triple-moment hail bulk microphysics

机译：用三阶冰雹散装微观物理学检查CCN对模拟超级单体风暴中冰雹的影响

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摘要

Aerosols that act as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) play a crucial role in the formation of cloud particles and recent research suggests that CCN can influence ice processes within deep convection as well. In this study, a triple-moment bulk hail microphysics scheme is used to investigate the impact of changing CCN concentrations on hail for a well-observed supercell storm that occurred over northwest Kansas on 29 June 2000 during the Severe Thunderstorm and Electrification and Precipitation Study (STEPS). For the simulated supercells in the particular environment examined, an increase in potential CCN concentrations from 100 to 3000 cm~(-3) leads to increasing numbers and decreasing sizes of cloud droplets, as expected, yet the overall storm dynamics and evolution are largely unaffected. Increases in potential CCN concentrations lead to non-monotonic responses in the bulk characteristics of nearly all hydrometeor fields, surface precipitation, and cold-pool strength. However, higher concentrations of CCN also result in larger hail sizes and greater amounts of large diameter (≥2 cm) hail. The results suggest that a combination of increased sizes and localized reductions in numbers of hail embryos near favorable growth regions with increasing potential CCN concentrations tend to promote conditions that lead to increased hail sizes and amounts of large hail.
机译：充当云凝结核（CCN）的气溶胶在云颗粒的形成中起着至关重要的作用，最近的研究表明CCN也可以影响深对流中的冰过程。在这项研究中，采用三重矩的大块冰雹微物理方案来研究2000年6月29日在堪萨斯州西北部发生的一场雷电和电化和降水严重研究期间，CCN浓度变化对冰雹的影响。脚步）。对于特定环境中的模拟超级电池，正如预期的那样，潜在的CCN浓度从100 cm增加到3000 cm〜（-3）会导致云滴数量增加和大小减小，但是总体风暴动力学和演化在很大程度上不受影响。潜在CCN浓度的增加导致几乎所有水凝流域的总体特征，表面降水和冷池强度都出现非单调响应。但是，较高浓度的CCN也导致更大的冰雹尺寸和更多的大直径（≥2cm）冰雹。结果表明，增加大小和在有利生长区域附近增加冰雹胚的数量并减少潜在的CCN浓度，往往会促进导致冰雹大小和大冰雹数量增加的条件。

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