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Trend of trace metals in precipitation around Okinawa Island, Japan

机译：日本冲绳岛附近降水中痕量金属的变化趋势

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摘要

Okinawa Island is located between mainland Japan to the northeast, Taiwan to the southwest and China to the west. In recent years, precipitation with relatively low pH has been observed in the island during winter seasons. This study was conducted to evaluate the potential sources and factors affecting distribution of trace metals in the atmosphere around the northern area of Okinawa Island. The results showed that the trace metal contamination was low comparable to rural areas of less industrialized countries. The annual average depositions were 6.0,5.2,4.4,2.7 and 20.4 kg km~(-2) y~(-1) for Al, Fe, Mn, Cu, and Zn, respectively. The metals in the precipitation were mainly derived from the dissolution of wind-blown soil particles. The distribution of trace metals across the island showed the influence of road traffic as a source and cause of atmospheric pollution. Aluminium and Fe were found to be high closer to the main road and decreased further away from the road, while Zn and Cu were strongly correlated with average mean pH of precipitation. The variation of concentrations in the island was attributed to the distance from the main road, average rain pH at a particular sampling location and wind speed and direction. A strong correlation between lithological elements (Al and Fe) and anthropogenic elements (Zn and Cu) indicates that they were carried by the same particles and experienced similar scavenging mechanism during dissolution process.
机译：冲绳岛位于日本东北部，西南台湾和中国西部之间。近年来，在冬季，岛上观察到pH值相对较低的降水。本研究旨在评估冲绳岛北部地区大气中痕量金属分布的潜在来源和因素。结果表明，与工业化程度较低的国家的农村地区相比，痕量金属的污染较低。铝，铁，锰，铜和锌的年平均沉积量分别为6.0、5.2、4.4、2.7和20.4 kg km〜（-2）y〜（-1）。降水中的金属主要来自风吹土颗粒的溶解。整个岛上的痕量金属分布表明，道路交通是造成大气污染的原因之一。铝和铁在靠近主干道的地方较高，而在远离主干道的地方减少，而锌和铜与降水的平均pH值密切相关。岛屿中浓度的变化归因于距主要道路的距离，特定采样位置的平均雨水pH值以及风速和风向。岩性元素（Al和Fe）与人为元素（Zn和Cu）之间的强相关性表明，它们在溶出过程中被相同的颗粒携带并经历相似的清除机理。

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