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Rainfall distribution in the Andes of southern Ecuador derived from blending weather radar data and meteorological field observations

机译：混合气象雷达数据和气象实地观测数据得出的厄瓜多尔南部安第斯山脉的降雨分布

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摘要

The Andes of Ecuador show an extreme heterogeneity of spatial and temporal distribution of precipitation. The existing operational network of the national weather service is not capable of reproducing these complex patterns. By using a cost-efficient rain radar and a network of high-resolution rain gauges, the real complexity of the rainfall distribution and the meteorological processes of rainfall formation can be assessed. A blending method encompassing geostatistical tools allows to derive a comprehensive rainfall climatology for the study area. Precipitation is predominantly of the advective type, associated with humid air masses from the Amazon basin transported by the tropical easterlies. The typical form is light to heavy drizzle with long duration but lower rain rates. However, in contrast to former knowledge there is no single mechanism of rain formation for any given place. Several processes interact like small and large-scale convective cloud systems, local and regional valley/mountain breeze systems and terrain-lines of preferred moisture transport interact on various time scale. This leads to complex patterns of rainfall in space and time. Several types of characteristic weather situations are revealed by the study. They are characterized by specific combinations of local and regional atmospheric processes and interactions with the topographical configuration. They are modified by mesoscale and continental circulation patterns as the annual shift of pressure cells, the east Andean low-level Jet and katabatic flows.
机译：厄瓜多尔的安第斯山脉表现出极端的时空分布异质性。国家气象部门的现有运行网络无法复制这些复杂的模式。通过使用具有成本效益的雨水雷达和高分辨率雨量计网络，可以评估雨水分布的实际复杂性和雨水形成的气象过程。包含地统计工具的混合方法可以得出研究区域的全面降雨气候。降水主要为平流型，与热带东风带动的亚马逊盆地湿空气团有关。典型的形式是轻到重毛毛雨，持续时间长，但降雨率较低。但是，与以前的知识相比，对于任何给定的地方都没有单一的降雨形成机理。几个过程相互作用，例如小型和大型对流云系统，局部和区域性的谷/山微风系统以及首选水分传输的地形线在不同的时间尺度上相互作用。这导致了时空降雨的复杂模式。该研究揭示了几种类型的典型天气情况。它们的特征是局部和区域性大气过程的特定组合以及与地形构造的相互作用。它们受到中尺度和大陆环流模式的改变，如压力单元的年变化，东安第斯低空急流和四方流。

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  • 来源
    《Atmospheric research》 |2011年第2期|p.277-289|共13页
  • 作者

    Riitger Rollenbeck; Jorg Bendix;

  • 作者单位

    Laboratory for Climatology and Remote Sensing (LCRS), Faculty of Geography, University of Marburg, Deutschhausstr.10, D-35032 Marburg, Germany;

    Laboratory for Climatology and Remote Sensing (LCRS), Faculty of Geography, University of Marburg, Deutschhausstr.10, D-35032 Marburg, Germany;

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  • 正文语种 eng
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  • 关键词

    precipitation; radar; andes; calibration; climatology;

    机译：降水雷达安第斯山脉校准气候;

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