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Biomass burning in the northern peninsular Southeast Asia: Aerosol chemical profile and potential exposure

机译：东南亚北部半岛生物质燃烧：气溶胶的化学特征和潜在的暴露

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摘要

This study aimed to characterize the PM2.5 (particulate matter = 2.5 mu m in aerodynamic diameter) chemical components obtained at Doi Ang Khang (DAK; high mountain and near-source of biomass-burning (BB) emissions) and Chiang Mai University (CMU; foothill site and an urban location) in northern peninsular Southeast Asia (PSEA) during dry BB season of 2015 through the analysis of water-soluble inorganic ions, organic carbon (OC), and elemental carbon (EC) contents. The 24-h average PM2.5 levels (mu g m(-3)) at DAK (118 +/- 36) and CMU (113 +/- 45) were about 4 folds greater than the WHO health-based guideline (25 mu g m(-3)). Major diagnostics ratios between selected ions and carbonaceous fractions showed the significant BB influence on ambient aerosols. Enriched tracers in collected aerosols, such as NO3-, OC3 (evolved at 280-480 degrees C), and EC1-OP (EC evolved at 580 degrees C minus the pyrolized OC) confirmed that the samples were influenced by significant BB emissions. OC was the most abundant component in PM2.5 and the contribution of BB to OC was estimated to be similar to 90%. For the first time, the conversion factor of OC to organic matter was estimated on the basis of mass closure approach to be 1.7 +/- 0.3 and 1.6 +/- 0.3 at DAK and CMU, respectively. Effective carbon ratio, which indicates an association between carbonaceous particles and climatic impact, at DAK revealed the significant atmospheric warming due to the presence of more absorbing aerosols attributed to near-source BB emissions at the high mountain site. The estimated inhalation dose of PM2.5 and EC indicated severe health risk for local inhabitants during their outdoor activities. This study enhances the knowledge of aerosol chemical characterization and also addresses exposure to fine aerosols for local inhabitants during intense BB emissions in northern PSEA.
机译：这项研究旨在表征在Doi Ang Khang（DAK；高山和近距离生物质燃烧（BB）排放物）和清迈大学获得的PM2.5（空气动力学直径≤2.5微米的颗粒物）化学成分的特征。通过分析水溶性无机离子，有机碳（OC）和元素碳（EC）的含量，在2015年BB干旱季节期间，在北部半岛东南亚（PSEA）内（CMU；山麓地带和市区）。 DAK（118 +/- 36）和CMU（113 +/- 45）的24小时平均PM2.5水平（μgm（-3））比WHO基于健康的指南（25 mu）约高4倍gm（-3））。所选离子与碳质组分之间的主要诊断比表明，BB对环境气溶胶的影响很大。收集到的气溶胶中富集的示踪剂，例如NO3-，OC3（在280-480摄氏度下演变）和EC1-OP（EC在580摄氏度下发展而去掉热解的OC）证实了样品受到大量BB排放的影响。 OC是PM2.5中含量最丰富的成分，BB对OC的贡献估计接近90％。第一次，基于质量封闭方法，在DAK和CMU上，OC转换为有机物的转换因子分别为1.7 +/- 0.3和1.6 +/- 0.3。 DAK处的有效碳比率表明了碳质颗粒与气候影响之间的联系，揭示了由于在高山地区由于近源BB排放而吸收了更多的气溶胶，导致了大气的明显变暖。 PM2.5和EC的估计吸入剂量表明，当地居民在户外活动中会严重危害健康。这项研究增强了气溶胶化学特征的知识，还解决了北部PSEA大量BB排放期间当地居民暴露于细小气溶胶的情况。

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