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首页> 外文期刊>Atmospheric research >Characteristics of upper-tropospheric outflow-layer clouds of Typhoon Francisco (2013) observed by hydrometeor videosonde
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Characteristics of upper-tropospheric outflow-layer clouds of Typhoon Francisco (2013) observed by hydrometeor videosonde

机译：水文视频探空仪观测的台风弗朗西斯科（2013）对流层上层流出层云的特征

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摘要

Ice crystals in upper-tropospheric outflow layers of typhoons are an important factor in determining typhoon intensity and track through radiative cooling of the secondary circulation. Quantitative representation of ice crystal distribution is fundamental for accurate reproduction of typhoon intensity and track in cloud-resolving numerical models. This study used hydrometeor videosondes (HYVISs) released from Okinawa Island (Japan) to conduct microphysical observations of ice crystals in the outflow layer of Typhoon Francisco (2013). During the approach of the typhoon center, seven HYVISs were released between 02:53 JST October 23, 2013 and 13:33 JST October 24, 2013 at distances of between 230 and 550 km from the typhoon center (r = 230 and 550 km). The observation site was located at the downshear left flank, and at least three HYVISs were released within 100 km of active convection in the eyewall from which outflow-layer clouds extended. During the observations, the central pressure of the typhoon increased slightly from 945 to 960 hPa. Ice particles were observed at heights of 7-14 km. The numbers of ice particles tended to decrease with distance from the typhoon center. The maximum number concentrations of ice crystals were 180 and 20 L-1 at r = 230 and 550 km, respectively. Ice particles with diameter of a few tens of micrometers were found dominant. Large particles with diameter > 100 mu m were restricted to just outside the eyewall and the inner-core precipitation region. Ice supersaturation layers with thickness > 2 km were present from r = 230 to 360 km, i.e., reasonably close to the typhoon center. In addition, supercooled liquid droplets were observed in areas with relative humidity > 95% in two profiles (r = 260 and 290 km). Conversely, there was no ice supersaturation layer in the outermost profile at r = 550 km. Saw-like radar echo patterns were common along the bottom of outflow-layer clouds, below which a considerably drier layer was evident. Saturation ratio minima relative to ice within the dry layer were 0.01-0.34 (for relative humidities of 1%-31%). It was considered that ice particles formed in the upper levels of rainbands near the typhoon center, and that they were sublimated in both the dry layer below the outflow layer and the ice subsaturation area in the outermost region of the typhoon, which resulted in decreased number concentrations of ice particles.
机译：台风对流层高层流出层中的冰晶是决定台风强度并跟踪二次循环辐射冷却的重要因素。冰晶分布的定量表示对于在云解析数值模型中准确再现台风强度和航迹至关重要。这项研究使用了从日本冲绳岛发布的水文视频探空仪（HYVIS），对台风弗朗西斯科（2013）的流出层中的冰晶进行了微物理观测。在台风中心接近期间，在2013年10月23日日本标准时间02:53和2013年10月24日日本标准时间13:33之间释放了七个HYVIS，距台风中心230至550公里（r = 230至550公里） 。观测点位于下剪切左翼，在眼对流主动对流100 km内至少有3个HYVIS被释放，流出层云从那里延伸。在观测期间，台风的中心压力从945 hPa略微增加到960 hPa。在7-14 km的高度观察到冰粒。冰粒的数量倾向于随着距台风中心的距离而减少。在r = 230和550 km处，冰晶的最大数量浓度分别为180和20 L-1。发现直径为几十微米的冰粒占主导。直径大于100微米的大颗粒被限制在眼壁的外部和内核的沉淀区域。厚度大于2 km的冰过饱和层存在于r = 230至360 km之间，即合理地靠近台风中心。此外，在两个曲线（r = 260和290 km）的相对湿度> 95％的区域中观察到过冷液滴。相反，在r = 550 km处，最外层剖面没有冰过饱和层。锯齿状的雷达回波图样常见于流出层云的底部，在其下方明显可见较干燥的层。相对于干层中冰的饱和比最小值为0.01-0.34（相对湿度为1％-31％）。据认为，在台风中心附近的雨带上部形成了冰粒，并且它们在台风最外层的出水层以下的干层和冰的亚饱和区域中都升华了，导致数量减少。冰粒的浓度。

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  • 来源
    《Atmospheric research》 |2020年第5期|104736.1-104736.11|共11页
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  • 作者单位

    Nagoya Univ Inst Space Earth Environm Res Nagoya Aichi Japan|Natl Res Inst Earth Sci & Disaster Resilience 3-1 Tennodai Tsukuba Ibaraki 3050006 Japan;

    Nagoya Univ Inst Space Earth Environm Res Nagoya Aichi Japan;

    Univ Ryukyus Fac Sci Dept Phys & Earth Sci Nishihara Okinawa Japan;

    Natl Inst Informat & Commun Technol Koganei Tokyo Japan;

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  • 正文语种 eng
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  • 关键词

    Tropical cyclone; Cloud; Ice crystal; Upper-tropospheric outflow layer; Videosonde;

    机译：热带气旋;云;冰晶;对流层上层流出层;探空仪;

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