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首页> 外文期刊>Atmospheric research >Air temperature measurements using autonomous self-recording dataloggers in mountainous and snow covered areas
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Air temperature measurements using autonomous self-recording dataloggers in mountainous and snow covered areas

机译：使用自动自动录制数据转换器在山区和雪覆盖区域的空气温度测量

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摘要

High mountain areas are poorly represented by official weather observatories. It implies that new instruments must be evaluated over snow-covered and strongly insolated environments (i.e. mid-latitude mountain areas). We analyzed uncertainty sources over snow covered areas including: 1) temperature logger accuracy and bias of two widely used temperature sensors (Tinytag and iButton); 2) radiation shield performance under various radiation, snow, and wind conditions; 3) appropriate measurement height over snow covered ground; and 4) differences in air temperature measured among nearby devices over a horizontal band.The major results showed the following. 1) Tinytag performance device (mean absolute error: MAE approximate to 0.1-0.2 degrees C in relation to the reference thermistor) was superior to the iButton (MAE approximate to 0.7 degrees C), which was subject to operating errors. 2) Multi-plate radiation shield showed the best performance under all conditions ( 90% samples has bias between +/- 0.5 degrees C). The tube shield required wind ( 2.5 m s(-1)) for adequate performance, while the funnel shield required limited radiation ( 400 W m(-2)). Snow cover causes certain overheating. 3) Air temperatures were found to stabilize at 75-100 cm above the snow surface. Air temperature profile was more constant at night, showing a considerable cooling on near surface at midday. 4) Horizontal air temperature differences were larger at midday (0.5 degrees C). These findings indicate that to minimize errors air temperature measurements over snow surfaces should be carried out using multi-plate radiation shields with high-end thermistors such as Tinytags, and be made at a minimum height above the snow covered ground.
机译：高山地区由官方天气观察者代表不善。它意味着必须在积雪覆盖和强烈不稳定的环境中评估新仪器（即中际山区）。我们分析了雪覆盖区域的不确定性来源，包括：1）温度记录器精度和两个广泛使用的温度传感器的偏差（TinyTag和iButton）; 2）各种辐射，雪和风能下的辐射屏蔽性能; 3）在积雪地面的适当测量高度; 4）在水平带上的附近器件中测量的空气温度的差异。主要结果表明以下。 1）TinyTag性能设备（平均绝对误差：MAE与参考热敏电阻相关的0.1-0.2摄氏度）优于IButton（MAE近似为0.7摄氏度），其受运行误差。 2）多板辐射屏蔽显示所有条件下的最佳性能（> 90％样本在+/- 0.5℃之间的偏差）。管屏蔽所需的风（> 2.5 m s（-1）），可用于足够的性能，而漏斗屏蔽需要有限的辐射（<400W m（-2））。雪覆盖会导致某些过热。 3）发现空气温度稳定在雪表面上方75-100厘米处。夜间空气温度曲线更加恒定，在午间近地表显示出相当大的冷却。 4）含水温度差异在午间（0.5℃）。这些发现表明，最小化误差通过具有高端热敏电阻的多板辐射屏蔽，例如诸如TinyTags的多板辐射屏蔽，并且在积雪地上的最小高度下进行。

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  • 来源
    《Atmospheric research》 |2019年第8期|168-179|共12页
  • 作者

    Navarro-Serrano F.; Lopez-Moreno Ji; Azorin-Molina C.; Buisan S.; Dominguez-Castro F.; Sanmiguel-Vallelado A.; Alonso-Gonzalez E.; Khorchani M.;

  • 作者单位

    CSIC Pyrenean Inst Ecol Dept Geoenvironm Proc & Global Change Campus Aula Dei Ave Montanana POB 202 E-50080 Zaragoza Spain|Univ Zaragoza Dept Geog San Juan Bosco 7 Zaragoza 50009 Spain;

    CSIC Pyrenean Inst Ecol Dept Geoenvironm Proc & Global Change Campus Aula Dei Ave Montanana POB 202 E-50080 Zaragoza Spain;

    Univ Gothenburg Dept Earth Sci Reg Climate Grp Box 460 S-40530 Gothenburg Sweden;

    Spanish Meteorol Agcy Reg AEMET Off Aragon Paseo Canal 17 Zaragoza 50009 Spain;

    CSIC Pyrenean Inst Ecol Dept Geoenvironm Proc & Global Change Campus Aula Dei Ave Montanana POB 202 E-50080 Zaragoza Spain;

    CSIC Pyrenean Inst Ecol Dept Geoenvironm Proc & Global Change Campus Aula Dei Ave Montanana POB 202 E-50080 Zaragoza Spain;

    CSIC Pyrenean Inst Ecol Dept Geoenvironm Proc & Global Change Campus Aula Dei Ave Montanana POB 202 E-50080 Zaragoza Spain;

    CSIC Pyrenean Inst Ecol Dept Geoenvironm Proc & Global Change Campus Aula Dei Ave Montanana POB 202 E-50080 Zaragoza Spain;

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  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
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  • 关键词

    Air temperature; Temperature logger; Radiation shield; Snow; Complex terrain; SPICE (Solid Precipitation Intercomparison Experiment);

    机译：空气温度;温度记录器;辐射屏蔽;雪;复杂地形;香料（固体降水互通实验）;

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