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Long-term changes in precipitation phase in Europe in cold half year

机译：寒冷半年欧洲降水阶段的长期变化

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摘要

The change in precipitation phase is an important manifestation of climate change, especially in the moderate climate zone and mountain regions. We analyse changes in precipitation at 107 European stations in cold months (November-April). Stations in Czechia where both surface synoptic observations (SYNOP) reporting the precipitation phase, and temperature and precipitation data are available in sufficient quality, are used to determine the regional threshold temperature. The threshold temperature is then applied to separate solid and liquid precipitation phase in cold months at European stations in 1961-2010. If daily mean temperature is higher than the regional threshold temperature, daily precipitation amount is considered to be liquid and vice versa. The value of the regional threshold temperature is 1.1 degrees C. The ratio of solid to total precipitation (S/P) significantly declines over large parts of Europe. The strongest negative trend is detected in the belt stretching from the coast of northern Scandinavia through central and eastern Europe towards southern and southeastern Europe. The trend of S/P ranges from -0.2 to -0.9%.year(-1) there. The average annual trend of the ratio of solid precipitation for all Europe is - 0.12%.year(-1). The magnitude of the trend of the ratio of solid precipitation exhibits only a minor sensitivity to the choice of the threshold temperature. A comparison with real trends, calculated for stations in Czechia, indicates that trends determined from the threshold temperature tend to be overestimated, that is, the decline of solid precipitation in Europe is even faster that what results of this study indicate.
机译：降水阶段的变化是气候变化的重要表现，特别是在中等气候区和山地地区。我们在寒冷的月份（4月至4月）分析了107个欧洲站的降水变化。捷克岛的电台，其中曲面析观观察（SYNOP）报告降水相和温度和降水数据有足够的质量，用于确定区域阈值温度。然后将阈值温度施用在1961 - 2010年欧洲站在欧洲站的寒冷月份分离固体和液体沉淀相。如果每日平均温度高于区域阈值温度，则每日降水量被认为是液体，反之亦然。区域阈值温度的值为1.1℃。固体与总降水量的比率在欧洲大部分中显着下降。在北部斯堪的纳维亚海岸通过中欧和东欧向南部和东南部和东南部地区延伸的皮带中检测到最强的负面趋势。 S / P的趋势范围从-0.2到-0.9％.Year（-1）。所有欧洲固体降水量的平均年趋势是 - 0.12％.Year（-1）。固体沉淀比率的趋势的幅度仅对阈值温度的选择表现出微小的敏感性。与捷克地区的电台计算的实际趋势的比较表明，从阈值温度确定的趋势往往被估量，即欧洲的固体降水的下降甚至更快，这项研究的结果表明了。

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  • 来源
    《Atmospheric research》 |2019年第10期|79-88|共10页
  • 作者

    Hyncica Martin; Huth Radan;

  • 作者单位

    Charles Univ Prague Fac Sci Dept Phys Geog & Geoecol Albertov 6 Prague 12843 Czech Republic|Czech Hydrometeorol Inst Reg Off Kockovska 2699-18 Usti Nad Labem 40011 Czech Republic;

    Charles Univ Prague Fac Sci Dept Phys Geog & Geoecol Albertov 6 Prague 12843 Czech Republic|Czech Acad Sci Inst Atmospher Phys Bocni II 1401 Prague 14131 Czech Republic;

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  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
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  • 关键词

    Precipitation phase; Trends; Temperature; Europe; Climate change;

    机译：降水阶段;趋势;温度;欧洲;气候变化;

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