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首页> 外文期刊>IEEE transactions on audio, speech and language processing >Waveguide physical modeling of vocal tract acoustics: flexible formant bandwidth control from increased model dimensionality
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Waveguide physical modeling of vocal tract acoustics: flexible formant bandwidth control from increased model dimensionality

机译：声道声学的波导物理建模：通过增加模型维度来灵活地控制共振峰带宽

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摘要

Digital waveguide physical modeling is often used as an efficient representation of acoustical resonators such as the human vocal tract. Building on the basic one-dimensional (1-D) Kelly-Lochbaum tract model, various speech synthesis techniques demonstrate improvements to the wave scattering mechanisms in order to better approximate wave propagation in the complex vocal system. Some of these techniques are discussed in this paper, with particular reference to an alternative approach in the form of a two-dimensional waveguide mesh model. Emphasis is placed on its ability to produce vowel spectra similar to that which would be present in natural speech, and how it improves upon the 1-D model. Tract area function is accommodated as model width, rather than translated into acoustic impedance, and as such offers extra control as an additional bounding limit to the model. Results show that the two-dimensional (2-D) model introduces approximately linear control over formant bandwidths leading to attainable realistic values across a range of vowels. Similarly, the 2-D model allows for application of theoretical reflection values within the tract, which when applied to the 1-D model result in small formant bandwidths, and, hence, unnatural sounding synthesized vowels.
机译：数字波导物理建模通常用作诸如人声道之类的声学谐振器的有效表示。基于基本的一维（1-D）Kelly-Lochbaum声道模型，各种语音合成技术展示了对波散射机制的改进，以便更好地近似复杂声系统中的波传播。本文讨论了其中一些技术，特别参考了二维波导网格模型形式的替代方法。重点放在其产生类似于自然语音中的元音频谱的能力上，以及如何改善一维模型。轨迹面积函数作为模型的宽度提供，而不是转换为声阻抗，因此可以提供额外的控制，作为对模型的额外边界限制。结果表明，二维（2-D）模型对共振峰带宽进行了近似线性控制，从而在一定范围的元音中可获得可实现的实际值。类似地，二维模型允许在通道内应用理论反射值，当将其应用于一维模型时，会导致共振峰带宽较小，因此合成的元音听起来不自然。

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