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首页> 外文期刊>Australasian Journal of Environmental Management >Impact of environmental costs on competitiveness of Australian electricity generation technologies: is there a role for nuclear power?
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Impact of environmental costs on competitiveness of Australian electricity generation technologies: is there a role for nuclear power?

机译：环境成本对澳大利亚发电技术竞争力的影响：核电有作用吗？

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Electricity generation contributes some 35 per cent of Australia's total greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. So far, these emissions have not been taken into account when generation firms bid their availability into the National Electricity Market. Given the increasing emphasis on GHG emissions, change is required through the use of appropriate generation technologies and/or emissions trading or abatement. An Australian Emissions Trading Scheme is likely to start in 2010. Thus, the electricity generation sector will need to move from what has been an essentially private (i.e. production) cost structure to a social cost approach. This article focuses on appropriate technological choices (e.g. 'cleaner coal', gas, hydro, renewables and nuclear) in electricity generation that would help reduce the sector's GHG emissions. It suggests that: strategies based on appropriate technology selection can give a generation firm a competitive edge through time under market rules in the face of increasing environmental costs; with appropriate technological choices (and generation plant mix), a social cost-credit approach to electricity generation may ultimately lead to electricity costs that are not as markedly different from current private costs as the simple imposition of a carbon cost per tonne on the existing system would suggest; and while nuclear power may be a viable way of containing GHGs in electricity generation, this option remains controversial when social costs such as accidents and the handling of nuclear waste are considered.
机译：发电约占澳大利亚温室气体总排放量的35％。到目前为止，当发电公司向国家电力市场招标时，尚未考虑这些排放。鉴于越来越重视温室气体排放，需要通过使用适当的发电技术和/或排放交易或减排来进行改变。澳大利亚的排放权交易计划可能会在2010年启动。因此，发电部门将需要从本质上是私人的（即生产）成本结构转变为社会成本方法。本文着重于发电中的适当技术选择（例如``清洁煤''，天然气，水电，可再生能源和核能），这将有助于减少该行业的温室气体排放量。它表明：面对环境成本的增加，基于适当技术选择的策略可以使发电企业在市场规则下的时间竞争优势；通过适当的技术选择（以及发电厂组合），采用社会成本信用方式进行发电可能最终导致电力成本与当前的私人成本没有明显的不同，就像在现有系统上简单地将每吨碳成本强加于人一样会建议;尽管核电可能是在发电中遏制温室气体的可行方法，但当考虑到事故和核废料处理等社会成本时，这种选择仍存在争议。

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