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首页> 外文期刊>Australian & New Zealand journal of statistics >Detecting changes in task length due to task-switching in the presence of repeated length-biased sampling
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Detecting changes in task length due to task-switching in the presence of repeated length-biased sampling

机译：在存在重复的长度偏置采样的情况下，检测任务长度的变化

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Summary Clinical work is characterised by frequent interjection of external prompts causing clinicians to switch from a primary task to deal with an incoming secondary task, a phenomenon associated with negative effects in experimental studies. This is an important yet underexplored aspect of work in safety critical settings in general, since an increase in task length due to task‐switching implies reduced efficiency, while decreased length suggests hastening to compensate for the increased workload brought by the unexpected secondary tasks, which is a potential safety issue. In such observational settings, longer tasks are naturally more likely to have one or more task‐switching events: a form of length bias. To assess the effect of task‐switching on task completion time, it is necessary to estimate counterfactual task lengths had they not experienced any task‐switching, while also accounting for length bias. This is a problem that appears simple at first, but has several counterintuitive considerations resulting in a uniquely constrained solution space. We review the only existing method based on an assumption that task‐switches occur according to a homogeneous Poisson process. We propose significant extensions to flexibly incorporate heterogeneity that is more representative of task‐switching in real‐world contexts. The techniques are applied to observations of emergency physicians’ workflow in two hospital settings.
机译：总结临床工作的特点是频繁排斥外部提示，导致临床医生从主要任务转换为处理传入的二次任务，这是一种与实验研究中的负面影响相关的现象。这是一般的安全关键设置中的重要尚未引人瞩目的工作方面，因为任务转换导致的任务长度的增加意味着降低效率，而减少的长度表明加速以补偿由意外的二级任务所带来的增加的工作量，这是一个潜在的安全问题。在这种观察设置中，更长的任务自然更有可能具有一个或多个任务切换事件：长度偏差的形式。为了评估任务切换对任务完成时间的效果，有必要估计反事件任务长度，而没有经历任何任务切换，同时也会考虑长度偏差。这是一个问题一开始就似乎简单，但有几个违反直觉的考虑因素，导致唯一受限的解决方案空间。我们认为基于任务交换机根据同一泊泊松过程发生的假设来审查唯一的现有方法。我们提出了重大的延伸，以灵活地纳入异质性，这些异质性更具代表性地在现实世界中的上下文中切换。该技术适用于两家医院环境中应急医生的工作流程的观察。

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