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Technological advancements in synchronous collaboration: The effect of 3D virtual worlds and tangible user interfaces on architectural design

机译：同步协作中的技术进步：3D虚拟世界和有形用户界面对建筑设计的影响

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摘要

This paper presents and evaluates two current advancements of collaborative technologies for architectural design. The paper focuses on technologies that support synchronous design collaboration, in particular, 3D virtual worlds for supporting remote design collaboration, and tangible user interfaces (TUls) for enhancing co-located design collaboration. Both technologies enable designers to collaborate by interacting with 3D models as the design representations. The paper analyzes the effect of these technologies on design collaboration and cognition through a comprehensive interpretation of the results from two independent studies. These two studies, using protocol analysis and each focusing on a different mode of design collaboration, provide the foundation for characterizing the designers' cognition, communication and interaction when using the new technologies. The 3D virtual worlds study investigates remote design collaboration in a 3D virtual world in order to understand the changes of design behavior when designers are physically remote but virtually co-located as avatars within their design representation in the form of a 3D model. The TU1 study measures the effect of a tabletop system that integrates TUIs together with augmented reality (AR) on designers' cognitive activities and design process in co-located design collaboration. Finally, the analysis and comparison of the results converge in a set of recommendations for the future development of collaborative design technologies.
机译：本文介绍并评估了建筑设计协作技术的两个最新进展。本文重点介绍支持同步设计协作的技术，尤其是用于支持远程设计协作的3D虚拟世界，以及用于增强共处一地的设计协作的有形用户界面（TUls）。两种技术都可以使设计人员通过与3D模型进行交互来进行设计协作，以进行设计表示。本文通过对两项独立研究结果的全面解释，分析了这些技术对设计协作和认知的影响。这两项研究使用协议分析，并且分别关注不同的设计协作模式，为表征使用新技术时设计师的认知，沟通和互动提供了基础。 3D虚拟世界研究调查了3D虚拟世界中的远程设计协作，以了解设计人员在物理上遥远但实际上以3D模型的形式在其设计表示形式中共处一地时，设计行为的变化。 TU1研究评估了将TUI与增强现实（AR）集成在一起的桌面系统对同一地点设计协作中设计师的认知活动和设计过程的影响。最后，结果的分析和比较归纳为协作设计技术未来发展的一系列建议。

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