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Spindle/Axle Nut Life Cycle Service Deficiencies

机译：主轴/车轴螺母寿命周期服务不足

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Wheel, axle, and bearing loads all cause wear due to many factors, including, smooth pavement as a secondary taxi. Aircraft ground operations, taxi, tow, takeoff and landing all impose wear. While the aircraft is in the taxiing and takeoff mode, a static load dominates it. Whereas, while the aircraft is in takeoff and landing mode, it is dominated by impact and dynamic loads. The bearing, axle, tire and break wear is directly related to a key variable: endplay. Endplay is caused by axle nut preload torque settings. Even on fresh, smooth pavement, the off-optimum torque, inherent in the conventional axle nut, causes wheel chatter, which transmits adverse loads to the bearings and axles. The conventional axle nut design is locked in place by a castle nut and cotter pin with inadequate indexing. The cotter pin can only be pushed into one of six holes in the castle nut that is aligned with the keyway or pinhole in the axle (60 degrees apart on the circumference). This causes the castle nut preload torque to become non-optimum if it needs to be overly tightened or overly loosened (as in most cases), for the cotter pin to be inserted.
机译：车轮，轮轴和轴承负载均受多种因素引起的磨损，其中包括作为辅助滑行的平滑路面。飞机的地面操作，滑行，牵引，起飞和降落都会造成磨损。当飞机处于滑行和起飞模式时，静载荷占主导地位。然而，当飞机处于起飞和着陆模式时，其主要是冲击力和动态载荷。轴承，轮轴，轮胎和断裂磨损与一个关键变量直接相关：端隙。轴向间隙是由车桥螺母预紧扭矩设置引起的。即使在新的，光滑的路面上，常规车轴螺母固有的非最佳扭矩也会引起车轮颤振，从而将不利的载荷传递到轴承和车轴。传统的车轴螺母设计是通过锁紧螺母和开口销将螺母锁定在适当的位置，而这些螺母的分度不足。开口销只能推入锁紧螺母中与轴的键槽或针孔对准的六个孔之一（圆周上相隔60度）。如果要拧紧开口销，则需要过度拧紧或过度松动（大多数情况下），这会使锁紧螺母的预紧扭矩变得不理想。

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    《Aviation maintenance》 |2009年第8期|25-25|共1页
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