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首页> 外文期刊>Baltic Journal of Management >The evolution of non-cooperative behaviour: the case of post-transitional Estonia
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The evolution of non-cooperative behaviour: the case of post-transitional Estonia

机译：非合作行为的演变：过渡后爱沙尼亚的案例

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explain the emergence of non-cooperative behaviour after the economic transition in Estonia. Design/methodology/approach – The paper uses a combined research design, in that evolutionary game theory and network segregation models are enriched with semi-structured interviews. Simulations are used to deal with analytical complexity; in this case a prisoners' dilemma situation is used and randomness is created through the exogenous shock of opening the network to “aliens”. Findings – Consequently, it is found that individuals in large and small communities differ in their behavioural strategies: in an open community, players are more self-interested and reciprocate only benevolent behaviour; in a regular community, people rely on cooperative social norms. Case specific information leads to the suggestion that in open networks people behave cooperatively only in teams of up to four members. Increasing the random connections in a network makes people use group segregation – that is, they behave cooperatively in regular connections and in a self-regarding manner towards others. Research limitations/implications – The method brings certain limitations to the implications of the results – simulations are sensitive to the initial conditions set up using qualitative data. Practical implications – In managerial areas the results can provide at least two insights. First, it is obvious that only small teams (with personal connections) can be fully cooperative. In this case, the ideal number of co-operators is four. In larger teams, individuals find it more profitable to segregate an inner circle and others. Second, if players are interpreted as firms, then competition between firms will prevail even in small communities (where new players can penetrate the market) and thus any cartel or other cooperative action will fail. Originality/value – The main value of the research is twofold: it allows to introduce the combined research methodology and explain the mental change after transition in the 1990s. The first enables to reduce the methodological impediments researchers find in the qualitative-quantitative dichotomy. The second explains the emergence of, and changes to, the behavioural or moral codes as a result of rational social learning.
机译：目的–本文的目的是解释爱沙尼亚经济转型后非合作行为的出现。设计/方法论/方法–本文采用组​​合研究设计，其中演化博弈论和网络隔离模型充斥着半结构化访谈。模拟用于处理分析复杂性；在这种情况下，使用囚犯的困境情况，并通过向“外星人”开放网络的外来冲击创造了随机性。结果–结果发现，大大小小的社区中的个体的行为策略都不同：在开放的社区中，参与者更自私，只与仁慈行为交往。在常规社区中，人们依靠合作社的社会规范。案例特定的信息导致这样的建议：在开放网络中，人们只能在最多四个成员的团队中共同协作。网络中随机连接的增加使人们可以使用组隔离–也就是说，他们在常规连接中表现出协作，并且对他人具有自律性。研究的局限性/意义–该方法对结果的含义带来了一定的局限性–模拟对使用定性数据建立的初始条件敏感。实际意义–在管理领域，结果至少可以提供两种见解。首先，很明显，只有小型团队（具有个人联系）才能完全合作。在这种情况下，理想的合作者数量是四个。在较大的团队中，个人发现隔离一个内部圈子和其他圈子更有利可图。其次，如果将参与者解释为公司，那么即使在小社区（新参与者可以渗透市场）中，公司之间的竞争也会占上风，因此任何卡特尔或其他合作行动都将失败。原创性/价值–研究的主要价值是双重的：它允许引入合并的研究方法并解释1990年代过渡后的心理变化。第一个方法可以减少研究人员在定性-定量二分法中发现的方法学障碍。第二部分解释了理性社会学习的结果，行为或道德准则的出现和变化。

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