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首页> 外文期刊>Behavioral and Brain Sciences >The inherence heuristic: An intuitive means of making sense of the world, and a potential precursor to psychological essentialism
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The inherence heuristic: An intuitive means of making sense of the world, and a potential precursor to psychological essentialism

机译：内在的启发式：一种理解世界的直观方法，也是心理本质主义的潜在先驱

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We propose that human reasoning relies on an inherence heuristic, an implicit cognitive process that leads people to explain observed patterns (e.g., girls wear pink) predominantly in terms of the inherent features of their constituents (e.g., pink is a delicate color). We then demonstrate how this proposed heuristic can provide a unified account for a broad set of findings spanning areas of research that might at first appear unrelated (e.g., system justification, nominal realism, is-ought errors in moral reasoning). By revealing the deep commonalities among the diverse phenomena that fall under its scope, our account is able to generate new insights into these phenomena, as well as new empirical predictions. A second main goal of this article, aside from introducing the inherence heuristic, is to articulate the proposal that the heuristic serves as a foundation for the development of psychological essentialism. More specifically, we propose that essentialism - which is the common belief that natural and social categories are underlain by hidden, causally powerful essences - emerges over the first few years of life as an elaboration of the earlier, and more open-ended, intuitions supplied by the inherence heuristic. In the final part of the report, we distinguish our proposal from competing accounts (e.g., Strevens's K-laws) and clarify the relationship between the inherence heuristic and related cognitive tendencies (e.g., the correspondence bias). In sum, this article illuminates a basic cognitive process that emerges early in life and is likely to have profound effects on many aspects of human psychology.
机译：我们建议人类推理依赖于一种内在的启发法，这是一种隐含的认知过程，该过程使人们主要根据其成分的固有特征（例如，粉红色是一种精致的颜色）来解释观察到的模式（例如，女孩穿着粉红色）。然后，我们将证明所提出的启发式方法如何为研究领域的广泛发现提供统一的解释，这些发现最初可能看起来并不相关（例如系统合理性，名义上的现实主义，道德推理中的应有错误）。通过揭示属于其范围内的各种现象之间的深层共性，我们的论述能够对这些现象产生新的见解，并提供新的经验预测。除了介绍固有的启发式方法之外，本文的第二个主要目标是阐明提议，即启发式方法可作为发展心理本质主义的基础。更具体地讲，我们提出本质主义-这是自然和社会类别被隐藏的，因果关系强大的本质所支撑的普遍信念-在生活的最初几年中出现，是对所提供的更早，更开放的直觉的阐述通过固有的启发式。在报告的最后部分，我们将我们的提案与竞争性帐户（例如Strevens的K律）区分开来，并阐明了固有启发法与相关认知倾向（例如，对应偏向）之间的关系。总而言之，本文阐明了一个基本的认知过程，该过程在生活的早期就出现了，并且可能对人类心理学的许多方面产生深远的影响。

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